Laminate, explanation

This model has the attractive characteristics of not requiring biotic or chemical formation of CaCC>3 directly on odid surfaces and offering an explanation for the observation that odids appear to require "rest" between depositional cycles. It also provides a reasonable explanation for the concentric organic-rich layers generally observed in laminated aragonitic odids. Researchers such as Oppenheimer (1961), Cloud (1962a), Wilson (1967), and Folk (1973) have accepted the general principles put forth in this model. 

Bathurst has presented a model that solves some of the problems associated with laminated aragonitic ooid formation. His suggestion involves a means for growing inorganic precipitates of tangentially oriented rods. His arguments also offer plausible explanations for limitations on ooid size and other characteristics. 

Corresponding model studies in which DAA-saturated laminate films as well as DAA-saturated mono films were heated under the cooking conditions confirmed the suspected dehydration reaction of DAA by the ethylene ionomer. This gave an logical explanation for the mechanism of formation for the 4-methyl-4-mercaptopentane-2-one off-odor (Fig. 13-5). 

The total energy needed to complete fracture of the ligament in case 3 and case 4 are almost equal. The result rules out the hypothesis of significant additional dissipative processes in the laminate as an explanation for the much higher toughness of the laminate. 

Fig. 7 shows that the values from the second laboratory tend to be lower than those from the first for both types of cross-ply lay-up, while those for the unidirectional lay-up agree fairly well. The scatter still seen in the R-curves for the cross-ply laminates with a single fracture surface topography (Fig. 7) can probably, at least in part, be attributed to different amounts of fibre-bridging (compare Fig. 1). Another factor is micro-cracking in front of the delamination that may make accurate determination of the delamination length difficult. This would also offer an explanation for the steep rise seen in the R-curves of those specimens for which the delamination does not deviate into the unidirectional plies. This is discussed in detail in [6]. Small (local and short-term) deviations of the delamination into the unidirectional plies not recognised in the visual inspection of the fracture surfaces might also contribute to the scatter by temporarily reducing Gic. Finally, the oscillating interlaminar - intralaminar type of delamination propagation could also account for some of the observed scatter. The analysi > presented in [4] concludes that the intralaminar G is considerably smaller than the...

The effect of the removal of the compressing force must now be considered. Elastic recovery will occur to a greater or lesser extent, which will result in a reduction in the strength of interparticulate bonds and an overall weakening of the tablet. It therefore follows that if a tablet is to be disrupted by elastic recovery, this is most likely to occur at its weakest point. This is just below the top surface, and is the phenomenon often encountered in tablet manufacture known as lamination or capping. With this explanation in mind, some effects associated with capping, and some causes and pragmatic solutions to the problem can now be explained. 

The explanation for these variations in stiffness hes in the development of the contact area between the bolt and the laminate. Figure 11.8 shows the growth of the contact area between the bolt and one of the laminates in the Cl clearance joint. It can be seen that the contact area gets up to its final value quite quickly, with a contact... 

The treatment of existing osmotic blisters requires careful planning and preparation. If the hygroscopic/hydrophilic materials responsible are not completely removed from the laminate, then a recurrence of the problem is highly probable. The Osmosis Manual [41] provides a clear explanation of the procedures for rehabilitation of a blistered laminate. The manual has also been published in summary form in the open literature [39]. 

In our experience, lamin antibodies do not show any observable effects when microinjected into the nucleus of interphase cells. A possible reason could be the inaccessibility of lamins to the antibodies due to the presence of condensed chromatin at the nuclear periphery. An alternative explanation is that lamin polymers are accessible to the antibodies, but that the bound antibodies do not influence interactions of lamins with other nuclear components. 

We have found quite a novel technique to make ultrafine metai particles-polymer composites The new technique consists of three steps. The first step is the preparation of the matrix polymer with a thermodynamicatly ntetastable structure.The second is the vacuum vapor deposition of the metal onto the matrix polymer. The last step is the heat-treatment of the polymer laminated with the thin rrtetal film. The metal disposes into the matrix polymer in the form of ultrafine particles through a series of treatments mentioned above. This dispersion process, named RAD Reiaxstive Auto-Oispersion), contains an intersting phenomenon of the solid phase dispersion. However, rto complete explanation has been offered about the actual dispersion mechanism yet. 

However, a severe and persistent problem in laminated composites made of anisotropic fiber-reinforced plies is delamination. High interlaminar peel and shear stresses near edges start delamination cracks that grow along the non-reinforced interlaminar planes with little resistance. Delamination substantially reduces the load-bearing capacity and durability of advanced composites and has led to disastrous structural failures. Since the discovery and explanation of the mechanisms of delamination in advanced composites in the early 70s, many researchers have tried to... 

It may be noticed that adhesively bonded joints and laminated joints appear to have similar maximum loading densities, i.e. load per unit width, as indicated in Figure 4, while the joint efficiencies of laminated joints are typically higher than those of adhesively bonded joints (Figures 5 to 7). One possible explanation of this behaviour is that in laminated strap joints the bond surface of the strap had a woven roving surface layer, while in adhesively bonded strap joints a laminate having a mat surface layer was used as straps. 

The effect of the adhesives and resins on the joint efficiency is shown in Figure 9. A possible explanation for the better performance of laminated Joints compared to adhesively bonded joints is the one given above concerning the strap lay-up sequence. However, that does not explain the behaviour of the laminated single-lap joint. 

Wheat RW (1995) Rheological explanations for syndiotactic polypropylene behaviors. In Proceedings of the polymers, laminations coatings conference, TAPPI, Atlanta, pp 407 10... 

As an example, Fig. 25 shows the slow rate of crack growth in two samples of Glare (q.v.) — a bonded laminate — compared with the catastrophic crack growth associated with aluminium alloy sheet. For an explanation of the Glare... 

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