Lactobacillus acidophilus, inhibition

Four types of specific antigen have been isolated from the intact bacteria or from the cell walls of a large number of strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus Inhibition of antibody-antigen reactions with trehalose and maltose indicated that a-D-glucopyranosyl residues are immunodominant in these antigens. 

Foumiat, J., Colomban C., Linxe C. Karam D. (1992). Heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus inhibits adhesion of Escherichia coli B41 to HeLa cells. Ann. Vet Res., 23, 361-370. 

A Lactobacillus strain was recently shown to inhibit competitively adhesion of enteropathogenic E. coli to pig ileum and interfered with bacterial attachment to the mucosal layer of ileal conducts (Blomberg et al., 1993). Although L. acidophilus inhibits the adhesion of several enteric pathogens to human intestinal cells in culture, when pathogen attachment preceded L. acidophilus treatment, no inhibitory interference occurred indicating that steric hindrance of site occupation is important in the inhibition of adhesion. Thus, therapeutic use is likely to be limited to preventive application of probiotics. 

Bernet, M. F., Brassart, D., Neeser, J. R., and Servin, A. L. (1994). Lactobacillus acidophilus Lai binds to cultured human intestinal cell lines and inhibits cell attachment and cell invasion by enterovirulent bacteria. Gut 35, 483-489. 

Aspergillus niger, S. cerevisiae, Mycoderma sp., Lactobacillus acidophilus and B. cereus, as estimated by the paper disc agar diffusion method (Meena and Sethi, 1994). The oil also inhibits the growth of Fusarium verticilloides (Veluti et al., 2004). Clove oil (1% v/w) inhibits Listeria monocytogenes in chicken frankfurters (Mytle et al., 2006). It has excellent antimicrobial properties and is used in food preservation (Smith Palmer etal., 1998, 2001). 

Lactobacillus acidophilus significantly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhlmurium and enteropathic coll when grown in associative culture in a milk thio medium (Table VIII). Shahani et al. (39) also noted that L. acidophilus and L. bulgarlcus inhibited a number of food borne pathogens when tested by antibiotic disc assay procedures. 

Much of the work involving reduction of pathogens by LAB has been done in poultry and has focused on the reduction of Salmonella, but some work has also been done on inhibition of Campylobacter. The most commonly studied defined organisms are strains of Lactobacillus, especially L. acidophilus. However, the results obtained from the studies to demonstrate the efficacy of DFMs have been controversial. Additionally, work done on undefined cultures also indicates that pathogen reductions can occur using species other than lactobacilli. 

Nader de Macias, M.E. et al., Inhibition of Shigella sonnei by Lactobacillus casei and Lact. Acidophilus, J. Appl. Bacteriol., 73, 407, 1992. 

Living biofilms are not a strict prerequisite for adhesion prevention. Excreted compounds such as EPS or biosurfactants alone are often inhibiting. Purified biosurfactants from Lactobacillus casei, L. fermentum, and L. acidophilus were able to reduce the number of pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis to biosurfactant-coated glass by up to 77 % compared to uncoated controls [20]. Based on the method used for extracting and purifying biosurfactants, one can assume that bacterial EPS were indeed these... 

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