Lactate dehydrogenase phases

Sutton [1.15] studied the question of how quickly solutions with certain CPAs (GL, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and others] have to be cooled in order to avoid crystallization. At 100 °C/min concentration of 42.1 % DMSO and 48.5 % for GL are necessary to achieve the glass phase. With a 32.5 % solution of (2R.3R)-(-)butan-2,3-dio, the same effect can be accomplished at = 50 °C/min. In Fig. 1.18 Sutton (Fig. 11 from [1.114]) showed, that polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 400 (PEG 400) reduced the critical cooling rate down to approx. 25 °C/min. The addition of PEG 8000 [1.115] improved the protection of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by maltodextrins, if maltodextrins with low dextrose equivalents are used. 

J. Kikuchi, K. Ariga, K. Ikeda, Signal Transduction Mediated by Artificial CeU-Sm-face Receptors Activation of Lactate Dehydrogenase Triggered by Molecular Recognition and Phase Reorganization of BUe Acid Derivatives Embedded in a Synthetic BUayer Membrane , Chem. Commun., 547 (1999)... 

Cell lysis generally becomes important when viability is low. Examples include continuous culture (with or without cell retention) at low dilution rates and the late stationary and death phases of batch culture. Cell lysis is also important in stirred reactors with very high agitation rates. In order to quantify cell growth parameters under these conditions, the lysed cells must be accounted for. One way to do this is to measure the amount of the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the medium (see Chapter 2, section 2.5). A procedure for measuring LDH activity is described in Chapter 4, section 4.7. 

Lactate dehydrogenase HPLC anion exchange glyco-phase bound to porous glass Kudirka et al. [355]... 

Rhizopus oryzae lactate dehydrogenase 24 rhizosecretion 48 ribosome 13 rice 27 rifamycin 14 rituxan 213 rituximab 213 application 226 approval 225 B-cell recovery 222 clinical development 215 combination 223 development 221 EMEA 225 first phase I study 219 future applications 226, 228 IDEC 219 indications 226 interferon 224 mechanism of action 215 optimizing the dose and schedule 222 pharmacokinetic 222 phase I and I/II clinical trials 219 phase I/II 216... 

Figure 1. Dependence of protein partition coefficient, Kp, on PEO molecular weight in a PEO-dextran-water two-phase system. In order of increasing size the proteins are (open circles) cytochrome-c, (filled circles) ovalbumin, (open diamonds) bovine serum albumin, (triangles up) lactate dehydrogenase, (triangles down) catalase, (open squares) pullulanase, (filled diamonds) phosphorylase. Data compiled from (26,27). The solid lines are drawn to guide the eye.

Starch gel zymograms of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) in the pulmonary tissue extract of rats exposed daily to the inhalation of BeS04 aerosol showed well-defined differences in comparison to paired controls (Reeves 1967). Significant increase of both the muscle type and heart-type isozymes was observed during the immediate precancerous phase (8 -10 month of exposure), followed by return to normal or subnormal levels at the time of appearance of the fully grown pulmonary tumours (12 -13" month). 

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