Laboratory handling

Laboratory personnel intending to use phosgene should be fully acquainted with its toxicity and reactivity, and the protective measures associated with this particular type of poisonous material. In addition, the workers colleagues should be familiar with the hazards and the necessary rescue and first aid procedures. 

Vacuum pumps, where used, should be protected by solid NaOH traps. 

In the laboratory, gaseous phosgene is conveniently metered by calibrated flow meters of stainless steel construction electronic mass flow meters are commercially available where accurate readings are required [255]. It has been found that flow meters suitable for use with chlorine may also be used, after calibration, to meter phosgene [1764]. 

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The formation of a native surface film on lithium is unavoidable. It arises from storage and laboratory handling of the lithium metal in the gaseous atmosphere of the dry... 

Calcium Peroxodisulfate, CaOgS2 Sensitive to shock explodes violently H.M. Castrantas et al, Laboratory Handling and Storage of Peroxy Compounds , ASTM Spec Pub No 491, Phila (1970)... 

Laboratories handling biologicals have their own special problems. They often have to dispose of small but significant amounts of materials that may be very hazardous. Every laboratory procedure must then be scrutinized with this in mind. 

A typical analytical laboratory handles a large number of samples, usually for routine tests. Keeping track of these samples is of major importance. Reporting results for the wrong sample could... 

Laboratory Handling of Metal Catalysts, in Chem. Safety, 1949, (2), 5... 

Prudent Practices in the Laboratory Handling and Disposal of Chemicals (1995), National Research Council, National Academy Press (Washington, DC). 

Castrantas, 1970 Laboratory Handling and Storage of Peroxy Compounds, Special Publication No. 491, Castrantas, H. M., Banerjee, D. K., Philadelphia, ASTM, 1970... 

It was found that IPCR allowed for a 100-1000-fold improvement of sensitivity while using a nonradioactive method, thus facilitating laboratory handling, waste disposal, and environmental consciousness in assay performance. 

Each step signifies a milestone in the sample s travel through the laboratory. Unlike other seven-step diagrams with irreversible flow that we have seen in previous chapters, a unique feature of laboratory process is that the relationships between individual steps are for the most part reversible. This means that there is a viable chance to correct an error made at the previous step. This reversibility is the greatest advantage of the laboratory process. As laboratories handle thousands of samples and analyze them by dozens of various methods, the possibility for making an error at any step is real, but so is the opportunity to correct the error. Obviously, some errors... 

Castrantas, H.M. and Banerjee, D.K., Laboratory Handling and Storage ofPeroxy Compounds, Special Publication No. 491, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1970. 

Neupert M, Grape A, Weis H. 1988. Stability of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans under laboratory handling conditions. Chemosphere 17 1089-1097. 

Figure 1.9 Illustration of three instrument levels in a modern laboratory handling a large number of chromatographic analyses.

Pierce and Raper (1995) studied the effects of laboratory handling procedures on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal behavior in morphine-dependent rats and Gellert and Holtzman (1978) used access to drug in drinking solutions to study morphine dependence and withdrawal in rats. 

Any publication would carry the names of all the participants, not merely those who analyzed S samples. In fact, there was to be no announcement of which laboratory handled which samples. 

A. K. Furr (ed.), CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 3d ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1989) Prudent Practices in the Laboratory Handling and Disposal of Chemicals, National Academy Press, Washington, DC (1995). 

National Research Council (NRC). 1995. Prudent practices in the laboratory handling and disposal of chemicals. Washington, D.C. National Academy Press. 

All analytical laboratories handle numerous samples and have to prepare countless standards and solutions. The labelling of each sample and solution is crucial if there is to be confidence in the analytical results. Labelling is the process of assigning a unique identifier to each sample, standard, etc. 

As discussed earlier in this section, OSHA has mandated that all U.S. laboratories have an exposure control plan. In addition, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), a functional unit of the GDC, has prepared and widely distributed a document entitled Universal Pre-cautions that specifies how U.S. clinical laboratories handle infectious agents. In general it mandates that clinical laboratories treat aU human blood and other potentially infectious materials as if they were known to contain infectious agents, such as HBV, HIV, and other blood-borne pathogens. These requirements apply to all specimens of blood, serum, plasma, blood products, vaginal secretions, semen, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, and concentrated HBV or HIV viruses. In addition, any specimen of any type that contains visible traces of blood should be bandied using tliese Universal Precautions. 

From the classification in Figure 8-1, we see that the analysis of a 1-g sample of soil for a suspected pollutant would be called a macro analysis, while that of a 5-mg sample of a powder suspected to be an illicit drug would be a micro analysis. A typical analytical laboratory handles samples ranging from the macro size to the micro and even ultramicro size. Techniques for handling very small samples are quite different from those for treating macro samples. 

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