Krypton reactions with

Radiorelease methods are based on the same principle the substance to be determined is brought into contact with another substance containing a radionuchde reagent, and by their interaction a certain amount of the radionuclide is released and measured. For this method substances loaded with Kr (radioactive kryptonates), for example krypton clathrates, may be applied. By reaction with oxygen Kr is released and can be measured continuously. Oxygen dissolved in water can be measured by reaction with jj deposited on Cu 204 jj jg oxidized and released into the... 

Similarly, the transient Ni(CO)3(N2) has been identified following its generation by photolysis of Ni(CO)4 in liquid krypton doped with N2 at 114 K. Ultraviolet irradiation establishes a steady-state concentration of Ni(CO)3(N2) as soon as the photolysis source is switched off, the dinitrogen complex begins to decay, reacting thermally with CO to regenerate Ni(CO)4. The kinetics of the decay reaction,... 

Carbon monoxide may be determined over a wide range of concentration via infrared analysis [25]. Good results are achieved at concentrations as low as 1.25 to 2.5 mg m . The main disadvantage of this technique is the non-linear response, as well as possible interference by CO2, water vapour and hydrocarbons. The use of the gas chromatography for determining CO includes a catalytic reduction system, which converts carbon monoxide quantitatively to methane and a flame ionization detector. For a rapid CO determination, indicator tubes with palladium salt as a catalyst and silicomolybdate complex, which yields a blue colour with carbon monoxide, are used. The CO determination can also be carried out on the basis of its reaction with the radioactive kryptonate of palladium chloride [18, 25]. 

Lxciiner lasers contain a gaseous mixture of helium, fluorine, and one of the rare gases argon, krypton, or xenon. The rare gas Is clecironically exciled by a current followed by reaction with fluorine to form excited species such as Arl. KrI, or which arc... 

The kinetics of the reactions of chlorine atoms with a series of halogenomethanes have been investigated using mass-spectrometric techniques. The reactions of hot Br, produced by an (n, y) reaction with CHsBr, were studied in the presence of helium and krypton as moderators the results obtained were compared with those previously established for the formally analogous reaction between hot C1 and CH3CI. 

Prp4 is much more difficult and was obtained in early studies only be extracting sodium fluoride with anhydrous fluoric acid from complex compounds like Na2Prp6 (Soriano et al., 1966 Asprey et al., 1967). The products, however, were not free of impurities in most cases. The major breakthrough came from Spitsyn et al. (1974) who prepared pure PrP4 by solid state reaction of krypton difluoride with PreOn or Pr02 at room temperature ... 

The Group 18 elements are called the noble gases because of their low reactivity. Like a noble man (as opposed to a nobleman) who does not interfere with others, these elements rarely involve themselves in reactions with other atoms. These gases include helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). 

Applications of Radioactive Kryptonates [32], 92J. 94]-[96]. The determination of oxygen is performed by surface oxidation of copper or pyro-graphite kryptonate, at elevated temperature, resulting in destruction of the surface layer and release of Kt proportional to the oxygen mass. Detection limits are at the 10 ng/m level. Ozone oxidizes copper kryptonate at temperatures below 100 °C. whereas reaction with oxygen starts well above 200 °C, so this detector can detect Ox and O2 differentially. Determination of ozone in air is feasible over a concentration range of 10 - 10 g/m with hydroquinone kryptonate ... 

The only way to fix krypton, xenon, and radon gases is through reaction with fluorine or a reactive fluoride so that their chemistries are ultimately derived from the binary fluorides. 

Note that the reaction products with entries in Table 19.1 are much abbreviated compared with the analogous tables of earlier groups. Only xenon and krypton react with fluorine to produce fluorides. Therefore, instead of following the usual format of describing the hydrides, oxides, hydroxides, and halides of these elements (most of which do not exist), we adopt a historical description of the synthesis of xenon compounds and then briefly expand the discussion to include the small number of examples drawn from krypton and radon chemistry. 

Irradiation of the cyclobutadiene complex Fe(CO)3(// -C4H4) results in the initial loss of a carbonyl ligand. Irradiation in a krypton matrix with X > 280 nm yields carbon monoxide and Fe(CO)2( / -C4H4) [Eq. (6.47)]. If the reaction is carried out at higher temperature, the bimetallic complex Fe2(CO)3( / -C4H4)2 is formed [Eq. (6.48)] > ... 

Krypton clathrates have been prepared with hydroquinone and phenol. 85Kr has found recent application in chemical analysis. By imbedding the isotope in various solids, kryptonates are formed. The activity of these kryptonates is sensitive to chemical reactions at the surface. Estimates of the concentration of reactants are therefore made possible. Krypton is used in certain photographic flash lamps for high-speed photography. Uses thus far have been limited because of its high cost. Krypton gas presently costs about 30/1. 

Del y for Dec y. Nuclear power plants generate radioactive xenon and krypton as products of the fission reactions. Although these products ate trapped inside the fuel elements, portions can leak out into the coolant (through fuel cladding defects) and can be released to the atmosphere with other gases through an air ejector at the main condenser. 

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