Kidneys functional anatomy

The anatomy of a nephron is a key to understanding how the kidney functions. Refer to Figure 12 which schematically illustrates each part. The blood enters the kidney through an artery into a knot of vessels known as the glomerulus. The glomerulus is surrounded by a loose... 

An understanding of how and why chemicals induce nephrotoxicity requires some familiarity with the anatomy and physiology of the kidney. In addition, interpretation of renal toxicology studies will require a working knowledge of the various techniques used for evaluating renal function. It is also important to be aware of which nephrotoxicants require biotransformation before they induce nephrotoxicity, nephrotoxic mechanisms when known, and the site(s) of renal damage for the various nephrotoxicants. 

Nephrology is the science that concentrates on the kidneys and the associated anatomy, physiology, diseases, and disorders. The improper functioning of the kidney may disrupt electrolyte balance or lead to hypertension (high blood pressure) and is often related to other systemic or congenital conditions. 

The aim of these evaluations is the assessment of kidney anatomy, volume and function, determination of the number of renal arteries and veins, and... 

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