Kidney tubular epithelium

Lorz C, Ortiz A, Justo P, Gonzalez-Cuadrado S, Duque N, Gomez-Guerrero C, and Egido J. Proapoptotic Fas ligand is expressed by normal kidney tubular epithelium and injured glomeruli. J Am Soc Nephrol 11 1266-1277, 2000. 

Lorz, C., Ortiz, A., Justo, P Gonzzalez-Cuadrado, S Duque, N Gomez-Guerrero, C., and Egido, J. (2000) Proapoptotic fas ligand is expressed by normal kidney tubular epithelium and injured glomeruli../. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 11, 1266-1277. 

Kidney tubular epithelium Mutagenicity (Ames test)... 

Vasopressin (Rtressin Synthetic) and its derivatives, namely lypressin (Diapid) and desmopressin (DDAVP), regulate the reabsorption of water by the kidneys. Vasopressin is secreted by the pituitary when body fluids must be conserved. An example of this mechanism may be seen when an individual has severe vomiting and diarrhea with little or no fluid intake. When this and similar conditions are present, die posterior pituitary releases the hormone vasopressin, water in die kidneys is reabsorbed into die blood (ie, conserved), and die urine becomes concentrated. Vasopressin exhibits its greatest activity on die renal tubular epithelium, where it promotes water resoqition and smooth muscle contraction throughout die vascular bed. Vasopressin has some vasopressor activity. 

Microscopic lesions of the proventricular epithelium, pectoral muscles, brain, proximal tubular epithelium of the kidney, and bone medullary osteocytes... 

Chronic exposure of both rats and mice resulted in tubular nephropathy in both males and females. In rats, lesions were present in 45-66% of the males when they were sacrificed at 110 weeks after receiving 212 and 423 mg/kg/day hexachloroethane for 66 weeks of a 78-week exposure period (NTP 1977 Weisburger 1977). The renal lesions were characterized by hyperchromic regenerative epithelium, necrosis, interstitial nephritis, fibrosis, focal pyelonephritis, tubular ectasis, and hyaline casts. Lesions were also present in females but had a lower incidence (18% and 59%) for the two dose groups. Two-year exposures of male rats to much lower doses (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) resulted in similar effects on the kidneys (NTP 1989). Minimal to mild nephropathy was present in females for doses of 80 and 160 mg/kg/day. Over 90% of the male and female mice exposed to 590 and 1,179 mg/kg/day hexachloroethane for 78 weeks displayed tubular nephropathy when sacrificed at 90 weeks (NTP 1977 Weisburger 1977). Regenerative tubular epithelium was visible and degeneration of the tubular epithelium occurred at the junction of the cortex and the medulla. Hyaline casts were present in the tubules, and fibrosis, calcium deposition, and inflammatory cells were noted in the kidney tissues. 

Animal studies indicate that the primary toxic effect of uranium exposure is on the kidney, with particular damage to the proximal tubules. Functionally, this may result in increased excretion of glucose and amino acids. Structurally the necrosis of tubular epithelium leads to formation of cellular casts in the urine. If exposure is insufficient to cause death from renal failure, the mbular lesion is reversible with epithelial regeneration. Although bone is the other major site of deposition, there is no evidence of toxic or radiocarcinogenic effects to bone or bone marrow from experimental studies. ... 

Guild et al. 1958 Kluwe 1981 Smetana 1939). Histological changes in the kidney are observed primarily in the proximal tubular epithelium, where cells become swollen and granular, with moderate to severe necrosis (Docherty and Burgess 1922 Guild et al. 1958 MacMahon and Weiss 1929 Smetana 1939). 

The kidneys (Table VIII) appeared less sensitive to DMH toxicity than liver. Renal lesions consisted of focal, usually subscapular fibrosis with atrophy and hyperplasia of tubular epithelium and variable inflammatory infiltrates. This lesion was designated "interstitial nephritis" or "pyelonephritis" when the renal pelvis was involved. There was no statistical basis for differentiating the lesion with involvement of the pelvic from that without, and therefore the two designations have been pooled for... 

Renal Effects. Acute nephritis with albuminuria and oliguria, polyuria, and nitrogen retention were observed in individuals after application of a salve that contained potassium chromate. These effects disappeared in individuals who survived. Autopsy of people who died revealed hyperemia and tubular necrosis (Brieger 1920). Acute nephritis with polyuria and proteinuria were also described in a man who was admitted to a hospital with skin ulcers on both hands due to dermal exposure to ammonium dichromate in a planographic printing establishment where he had worked for a few months (Smith 1931). A 49-year-old man with an inoperable carcinoma of the face was treated with chromic acid crystals. Severe nephritis occurred after treatment with the chromium(VI) compound. Urinalysis revealed marked protein in the urine. Death resulted 4 weeks after exposure. A postmortem examination of the kidneys revealed extensive destruction of the tubular epithelium (Major 1922). 

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