Kidney fetal

SULT1C2 No Selective Substrate Known — Fetal Kidney, Fetal Lung, Fetal GI Tract... 

OATP4C1 724 Hormones and their conjugates E-3-S, E2l7 3G, T3 (1-6.5 pM), rTj, T4 (8.0 pM) Eicosanoids PGE2 Hormones and their conjugates T3 mRNA kidney, fetal liver [65]... 

MRP8 (ABCC8) MRP9 (ABCC9) Liver, lung, kidney, fetal tissue Breast, testis, brain, skeletal muscle, ovary estradiol-17-p-D-glucuronide Cyclic nucleotides (cAMP, cGMP), 5-fluorouracil ... 

Figure 10. Primary cultures of mouse kidney cells. Primary cultures of kidney epithelial cells derived from 10-day-old mice were grown either in hormonally defined medium with five supplements (5 pg/ml insulin, 5 pg/ml transferrin, 25 ng/ml PCE, 5 X10" M hydrocortisone, and 5 x 10" M Tj), or in medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. After 10 days, primary cultures still were epithelial in morphology serum free (a) but were overgrown with fibroblasts with serum (b). (Taub et al., 1979 with permission.)...

Most warn of the increased risk of deformities of limb development and defects like cleft palate. A few drugs carry the risk of distinct organ defects. For example, chlorambucil may cause agenesis of the fetal kidneys Penicillamine seems to affect fetal connective tissue, causing relaxation of the skin, hypotonia, and hyper flexion of the hips and shoulders... 

Normal spleen lymphocyte function Maximum nickel concentrations in tissues (in mg/kg FW) were reached in blood (19.8) and placentas (3.9) 2 h following injection those in liver (4.9), spleen (1.3), and kidneys (56.2) were reached 4 h after injection and maximum concentration in fetal tissues (1.1) was reached after 8 h. Authors estimate that all nickel is excreted in 42 to 84 h Immunosuppression in spleen lymphocyte function LD50 (48 h)... 

Grabowski CT. 1983b. The electrocardiogram of fetal and newborn rats and dysrhythmias induced by toxic exposure. In Abnormal functional development of the heart, lungs and kidneys Approches to functional teratology. New York, NY Alan R Liss, Inc., 185-206. 

Other cell lines used in permeability studies include the T84 human colonic adenocarcinoma colonic crypt cell model. This line has a reduced carrier expression, secrets mucus, and has very high resistance [31, 32], The IEC cell line is a rat fetal intestinal epithelium cell with higher permeabilities than Caco-2 cells [33], LLC PKi is a pig kidney epithelial cell line with low expression of efflux systems, but expression systems for transport proteins [32], 2/4/A1 cells are a conditionally immortalized rat fetal intestinal epithelium line with crypt cell-like morphology and temperature-sensitive differentiation [34], They form differentiated monolayers with tight junctions, increased brush border enzymes when grown on extracellular matrices with laminin. Transport of drugs with LP in 2/4/A1 monolayers was comparable to that in the human jejunum and up to 300 times faster than that in Caco-2 monolayers. In contrast, the permeability of HP drugs was comparable in both cell lines [34],... 

Heptachlor epoxide was measured in a strip of skin, fat, and subcutaneous tissue from 68 children who died in the perinatal period and ranged from not detected (nondetectable) to 0.563 ppm (mean 0.173) (Zavon et al. 1969). In 10 other stillborn infants, heptachlor epoxide levels measured in various tissues were as follows brain (nondetectable), lung (0.17 0.07 ppm), adipose (0.32 0.10 ppm), spleen (0.35 0.08 ppm), liver (0.68 0.50 ppm), kidney (0.70 0.28 ppm), adrenal (0.73 0.27 ppm), and heart (0.80 0.30 ppm) (Curley et al. 1969). In another study, the following heptachlor epoxide levels were measured in extracted lipids from mothers and newborn infants maternal adipose tissue (0.28 0.31 ppm), maternal blood (0.28 0.46 ppm), uterine muscle (0.49 0.51 ppm), fetal blood (1.00 0.95 ppm), placenta (0.50 0.40 ppm), and amniotic fluid (0.67 1.16 ppm) (Polishuk et al. 1977a). These data provide evidence of transplacental transfer to the fetus. 

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