Kidney disorders pathophysiology

Progression of CKD toward end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is common in CKD patients, and once significant impairment of renal function has occurred, it tends to progress irrespective of the underlying kidney disorder. There is clear evidence from clinical studies that hypertension and proteinuria are key players in the pathophysiology of CKD progression in humans. 

Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are calcineurin inhibitors that are administered as part of immunosuppressive regimens in kidney, liver, heart, lung, and bone marrow transplant recipients. In addition, they are used in autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. The pathophysiologic mechanism for ARF is renal vascular vasoconstriction.41 It often occurs within the first 6 to 12 months of treatment, and can be reversible with dose reduction or drug discontinuation. Risk factors include high dose, elevated trough blood concentrations, increased age, and concomitant therapy with other nephrotoxic drugs.41 Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are extensively metabolized by... 

De Fronzo RA (1992) Clinical disorders of hyperkalemia. In Seldin DW and Giebisch G, eds. The Kidney Physiology and Pathophysiology. 2nd edn. Raven Press New York, pp. 2279-2337. 

This chapter will explore the pathophysiology of key organs affected in various inherited metabolic disorders, specifically the normal structure and function of the liver, skeletal and cardiac muscle, kidney, and central nervous system. 

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