Ketamine addiction

In overdose, ketamine may lead to hyperthermia, seizures, hypertensive crisis, coma, and even death. These symptoms are generally thought to be caused by ketamine s catecholaminergic effects (Reich and Silvay 1989). Ketamine is physically addicting, with a described withdrawal syndrome. 

Bobo WV, Miller SC Ketamine as a preferred substance of abuse. Am J Addict 11 332— 334, 2002... 

Although ketamine is used primarily for recreational purposes, cases of addiction to ketamine have been reported. As with... 

Curran, H.V., and C. Morgan. Cognitive, Dissociative and Psychotogenic Effects of Ketamine in Recreational Users on the Night of Drug Use and 3 Days Later. Addiction 95 (2000) 575-590. 

Ketamine, a general anesthetic producing hallucinations and exhibiting an addiction potential, and norketamine have been determined in urine using SPE combined with RPLC-ESI(+)-MS-MS [49]. Cheng and Mok [49] developed a fast HPLC-MS-MS method able to separate and detect ketamine in a 2.5 min chromatographic run with a LOD of 5ng/mL. The method was applied to routine ketamine urine screening to a maximum of 200 samples per day. 

European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Report on the Risk Assessment of Ketamine in the Framework of the Joint Action on New Synthetic Drugs. September 2000. 

His tolerance and dependence built up quickly. Within several months, Lilly was injecting the drug several times a day and reaching dosages of 50 mg an hour for stretches lasting up to 20 hours. His case is exceptional, but it is often cited to counter claims that ketamine is not addictive. 

Injecting ketamine intramuscularly carries with it risks common to cocaine and heroin addicts and other injection-drug users. Sharing needles can lead to the transmission of blood-borne viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis B and C, as well as increased risk of escalation of drug use and overdose. 

Though ketamine is still not thought to be physically addictive, dependence on the drug can be developed quickly in some people. Individuals can be so... 

Curran, Valerie H., and Lisa Monaghan. In and out of the K-hole A comparison of the acute and resudual effects of ketamine in frequent and infrequent users. Addiction 96, no. 5 (May 2001) 749-760. 

Curran, Valerie H., and Celia Morgan. Cognitive, dissociative, and psychotogenic effects of ketamine in recreational users on the night of dmg use and 3 days later. Addiction 95, no. 4 (April 2000) 575-591. 

Both Ketamine and PCP can be life threatening. There is no antidote. Treatment is dependent on symptoms and may require hospitalization. PCP is addictive and withdrawal can cause drug-seeking cravings, fatigue, irritability, and depression. 

Ketamine is a Schedule III drug, along with drugs such as anabolic steroids. Schedule III drugs have legitimate medical uses, but they also can be abused and are addictive. 

Ketamine can be highly addictive. Many users enjoy the changes in consciousness that they experience. They... 

COD, ketamine, MA, MO, alprazolam. CZE-sweep-UV Sweeping buffer (phosphate 75 mM, pH 2.5 Phosphate buffer (75 mM, pH 2.5) and methanol 20-50 ng/mL Urine samples from addicts [112]... 

Tsai JH, Tsai KB, Jang MY. Ulcerative cystitis associated with ketamine. Am J Addict 2008 17(5) 453. 

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