Kalundborg, Denmark

ACABS Research Group, Aalborg University, campus Esbjerg (AAUE), Esbjerg, Denmark Novozymes A/S, Kalundborg, Denmark... 

In this section, we describe optimization of an industrial ecosystem (IE) having 6 plants for multiple economic and environmental objectives. The motivation and model of this IE follows that of Singh and Lou (2006) for an IE with 4 plants. The industrial symbiosis of Kalundborg, Denmark (Jacobsen, 2006), is the classic example of an IE. It began in 1961 when there was limited supply of ground water and the oil refinery, Statoil, initiated a project to utilize the surface water from Lake Tiss0. Thereafter, the number of partners gradually increased as about 20 more collaborative projects were introduced. Today, there are a total of 8... 

Jacobsen, N. B. (2006). Industrial Symbiosis in Kalundborg, Denmark A Quantitative Assessment of Economic and Environmental Aspects, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 10, pp. 239-255. 

The third case is successfully working since a long time in the city of Kalundborg, Denmark. " It was chosen, since it demonstrates, that efficient bioresource utilization pathways may be established and may function without extensive public fundings. The Kalundborg SYMBIOSIS is an industrial ecosystem, where the residual product of one enterprise is used as a resource by another enterprise. This case study shall also demonstrate the importance of communication (Chapter 7, Section 4.3.4). 

Table 7.5 Exchange of bioresources and other materials and energy streams between enterprises within the community of Kalundborg, Denmark ...

Kalundborg (Denmark, since 2009), and Clariant in Munich (Germany, since 2009). Beta Renewables has constructed the world s first commercial-scale ceUulosic ethanol plant in Crescentino, Italy, with a capacity of 20 MGY.This plant began operation at the end of 2012, and it uses the PROESA process to convert agricultural nonfood wastes to ethanol. ... 

Chertow (2007) describes how industrial symbiosis evolved at the industrial park in Kalundborg (Denmark), shown in Fig. 9.13. 

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