Kalundborg SYMBIOSIS

The third case is successfully working since a long time in the city of Kalundborg, Denmark. " It was chosen, since it demonstrates, that efficient bioresource utilization pathways may be established and may function without extensive public fundings. The Kalundborg SYMBIOSIS is an industrial ecosystem, where the residual product of one enterprise is used as a resource by another enterprise. This case study shall also demonstrate the importance of communication (Chapter 7, Section 4.3.4). 

Symbiosis. Kalundborg Symbiosis is the world s first working industrial symbiosis. 2014. http //www.symbiosis.dk/en [accessed online 11/2014]. 

In this section, we describe optimization of an industrial ecosystem (IE) having 6 plants for multiple economic and environmental objectives. The motivation and model of this IE follows that of Singh and Lou (2006) for an IE with 4 plants. The industrial symbiosis of Kalundborg, Denmark (Jacobsen, 2006), is the classic example of an IE. It began in 1961 when there was limited supply of ground water and the oil refinery, Statoil, initiated a project to utilize the surface water from Lake Tiss0. Thereafter, the number of partners gradually increased as about 20 more collaborative projects were introduced. Today, there are a total of 8... 

Jacobsen, N. B. (2006). Industrial Symbiosis in Kalundborg, Denmark A Quantitative Assessment of Economic and Environmental Aspects, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 10, pp. 239-255. 

Elirenfeld, Jolm R. and Marian R. Chertow, Industrial Symbiosis The Legacy of Kalundborg, Chapter 27 in A Handbook of Industrial Ecology, Robert U. Ayres and Leshe W. Ayres, Editors, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, U.K., p. 334—348. 

Within the local collaboration public and private enterprises buy and sell primary and residual products, which results in mutual economic and environmental benefits. The experiences from the industrial symbiosis in Kalundborg showed that regional cooperation and network formations may work in practice. 

Chertow (2007) describes how industrial symbiosis evolved at the industrial park in Kalundborg (Denmark), shown in Fig. 9.13. 

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