Bone cancer

Zhang JM, An J (2007) Cytokines, inflammation, and pain. Int Anesthesiol Clin 45 27-37 Zhang RX, Liu B, Wang L, Ren K, Qiao JT, Berman BM, Lao L (2005) Spinal ghal activation in a new rat model of bone cancer pain produced by prostate cancer cell inoculation of the tibia. Pain 118 125-136... 

In diabetic rats, TRPVl is enhanced on myelinated fibres and is hyperphos-phorylated by PKC [127]. In accordance with these findings, anti-TRPVl antiserum was shown to ameliorate pain in a murine model of diabetic neuropathy [128]. In humans, the density of TRPVl-positive nerve fibres is increased in women with chronic breast pain [129] and with vulvodynia [19]. Disruption of TRPV 1 gene causes attenuation of bone cancer pain in mice [130]. Pharmacological blockade of TRPVl by agonists relieved pain in AIDS patients [131]. 

Children s Susceptibility. No studies were located in which comparisons were made between the sensitivity of children and adults to the toxicity of americium. Animal studies indicate that juvenile dogs are less susceptible than adults to americium-induced bone cancer (Lloyd et al. 1999). No direct evidence was located to indicate that the pharmacokinetics of americium in children may be different from that in adults. Based on dosimetric considerations related to differences in the parameters of available models, as well as studies in animals, it seems likely that children may be more susceptible to americium toxicity than are adults by virtue of age-related differences in pharmacokinetics. Absorption of ingested americium may be as much as 200 times greater in neonatal animals than in adults. (Bomford and Harrison 1986 David and Harrison 1984 Sullivan et al. 1985). 

Lloyd RD, Miller SC, Taylor GN, et al. 1994a. Relative effectiveness of 239Pu and some other internal emitters for bone cancer induction in beagles. Health Phys 67 346-353. 

Re Complexes for Treating Painful Bone Cancers - Re-HEDP, MDP... 

Marshall, J.H., and P.G.A. Groer, A Theory of the Induction of Bone Cancer by Alpha Radiation, Radiation Research 71 149-192 (1977). 

Because 226Ra and 90Sr are metabolic analogs of calcium, they are deposited in the skeleton. Both isotopes are associated with bone cancers (Hobbs and McClellan 1986). In pregnant rats, the total amount of 226Ra transferred from the dam to the 8 to 10 fetuses in a litter was low after a single... 

Lloyd, R.D., F.W. Bruenger, S.C. Miller, W. Angus, G.N. Taylor, W.S.S. Jee, and E. Polig. 1991. Distribution of radium-induced bone cancers in beagles and comparison with humans. Health Phys. 60 435-438. 

Raabe, O.G., L.S. Rosenblatt, and R.A. Schlenker. 1990. Interspecies scaling of risk for radiation-induced bone cancer. Inter. Jour. Radiation Biol. 57 1047-1061. 

Californium s greatest danger is as a biological bone-seeking radioactive element, which can be both a radiation hazard and a useful treatment for bone cancer. If mishandled, all of californium s isotopes and compounds can be a potential radiation poison. 

Since the Tc complex of (95) proved to be a powerful radiopharmaceutical for the detection of bone cancer metastasis, considerable efforts have been made to provide the reasons for the specificity. In the preparation of the corresponding radiopharmaceuticals, all three stereoisomers are present from the reaction with meso-dmsa. The reason for the osteotropic behavior may arise from deprotonation of the noncoordinated carboxylic acid groups, and the active complex in solution therefore bears a 5— charge. 

Meanwhile, some phase 2 trials have already been performed on some naturally cancerous dogs, bearing tumors which are histologically close to the corresponding human ones, namely, osteolytic osteosarcomas and fibrosarcomas (bone cancers). Let us give some details about the protocol of treatment we used in the case of a dog weighing 70 kg and suffering from an acute osteolytic osteosarcoma (expected survival time less than 2 weeks on March 26, 1981). 

Mastro AM, Vogler EA (2009) A three-dimensional osteogenic tissue model for the study of metastatic tumor cell interactions with bone. Cancer Res 69 4097 100... 

Following intravenous injection of Thorotrast in humans and animals, various malignancies were found, primarily liver cancers (latency period of 25-30 years), leukemia (latency period of 20 years), and bone cancers (latency period of about 26 years). Short-lived daughter products of thorium also resulted in the induction of bone sarcoma because of their short radioactive half-lives. Intravenous injection of thorium-228 resulted in dose-dependent induction of bone sarcoma in dogs (Lloyd et al. 1985 Mays et al. 1987 Stover 1981 Wrenn et al. 1986). At the highest administered level, the animals died from systemic radiological effects (e.g., radiation induced blood dyscrasia and nephritis) before the bone sarcoma could develop (Stover 1981 Taylor et al. 1966). A relationship was found between the amount of thorium-227 (half-life of 18.7 days) injected intraperitoneally and the incidence of bone sarcoma in mice (Luz et al. 1985 Muller et al. 1978). 

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