Johor

Fig. 56. Acriopsis javanica. From Flora of Malaya. Geographical localization S. Salat on Endau river, Johore. Rocky upper reaches, epiphyte. 

Fig. 76. Cryptocarya griffithiana. Distributed by The Botanic Gardens, Singapore, Malay Peninsula. Geographical localization Kayu River, East Johor, low altitude. 3/9/1937. Det. M.H. Henderson, FSP Ng. 

Fig. 92. Alchornea villosa (Benth.) Muell.-Arg. From KLU Herbarium 33970. Flora of Johore, West Malaysia. Comm. Ex. Herb. Hort. Bot. SING. Field collector botanical identification J.F. Maxwell. 4/10/1982. Geographical localization KotaTinggi Waterfalls. 

The Malay entrepreneurs recorded in Makassar chronicles as entided to the kind of autonomy and guarantees of property that traders everywhere require, were reported to originate from Johor, Patani, Pahang, Minangkabau and Champa , while Indian Muslims later also played a prominent role in the community. As if prophetically aware of the stereotype into which British colonialism would caste Malays two centuries later, the Melayu community who had helped spread Islam in the island of Sumbawa refused to be rewarded with rice-fields, for we are sailors and traders, not peasants , and asked instead for exemption from port duties (cited Reid 1988-93, II 128). 

Pentachlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorinated biphenyls are the major PCB groups typically found in P. viridis. PCBs are sold commercially as technical mixtures, called Aroclors, each with a specific pattern of chlorination. Patterns have been determined for Aroclor mixtures 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260 and 1262 (Frame et al., 1996). Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to compare the relative PCB congener profile of mussel tissues analysed in 2002 and the commercial Aroclor mixtures (Fig. 15.14). The closest match in the PCB data for P. viridis samples collected in Singapore from our study is the common Aroclor 1254. The slight discrepancy is due to the presence of PCB-149 in mussel tissue and a greater prominence of PCB-110 and -118 in Aroclor 1254. PCA analysis revealed that samples from the west Straits of Johore (Wl, W2 and W3) contain more penta-CBs and less hexa-CBs than samples from the east Straits (E6, E7 and E8). The sample collected in the south of Singapore (S4) has an intermediary pattern of PCB contamination. A similar match has been observed in marine crabs and fishes... 

Ancisirocladus is the only genus of the Ancistrocladaceae and comprises some twenty species of lianas and shrubs found in the tropical rain forest of Asia and Africa. Examination of the bark extract of Ancisirocladus lectorius (Ancistrocladaceae) collected in Johore. Peninsular Malaysia, resulted in the isolation of a new simple isoquinoline, 6,8-dimethoxy-3-hydroxymethyl-1 -methylisoquinoline (1) and a new naphthylisoquinoline derivative, 4 -O-demethylancistrocladine (4), together with the known isoquinolines, 6,8-dimethoxy-l,3-dimethylisoquinoline (2) and (5)-6,8-dimethoxy-l,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline (3) [24, ... 

It is apparent that Petaling Jaya, Perai and Senai consistently recorded the lowest pH values. The high acidity could be due to a high density of motor vehicles and industries that emit SO2 and NOx in these areas. Mersing in eastern Johore and Malacca also recorded relatively low pH values especially in later years, due to the expansion of industrial activity in these areas, and the transport of pollutants from other industrial areas. Central and eastern parts of Malaysia recorded relatively high pH values, due to the low level of industrial activity in these areas. At all stations, there was a decrease in rainwater pH between 1985 and 1988. The situation seems to... 

Holmes, M.J., Teo, S.L.M., and Khoo, H.W., Persistent low concentrations of diarrhetic shellfish toxins in green mussels Pema viridis from the Johor Strait, Singapore first record of diarrhetic shellfish toxins from South-East Asia, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Sen, 181, 257,1999. 

Khairiyah Mohd Yusof Centre for Engineering Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia... 

The idea of RREE was first introduced to the Southeast Asian community during the 2007 Regional Conference in Engineering Education in Johor Bahra, Malaysia, by Prof. Karl Smith from Purdue University, USA, during a preconference work-... 

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