Johne’s Disease

Mycobactins, Growth factors for Mycobacterium para tuberculosis (M, johnei). the organism responsible for Johne s disease in cattle. Mycobactins are structurally complex niderophores (microbial iron chelators). At least nine mycobactins, designated with the letters A, R H, M. N, P R S, and T have been isolated from various non-pathogenic species of Mycobacterium. Earlier studies were actually on mycobactin P see isoln from M. phlei Francis et al. Nature 163, 365 (1949) eidem. Biochem. J. 55, 596 (1953) structure Snow ibid. 94, 160 (1965), Separation and identification of mycobactins White, Snow, ibid. 108, 593 (1968) 111, 785 (1969). Chemical and biological properties eidem. ibid. 

Growth factors (in concentrations of ca. 30 ng/mL) for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (M. johnei), the microorganism responsible for Johne s disease in livestock. M. are iron chelators ( siderophores). 9 M. (M. A, F, H, M, N, P, R, S, and T) have been isolated from various non-pathogenic mycobacteria. They are used as taxonomic markers for mycobacteria. All M. form extremely stable hexacoordinate complexes in which the iron(III) is bound to two hydroxamic acid and one 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline units. M. are stable towards heat and acids but unstable towards bases. On saponification the M. are cleaved to mycobactic acid and cobactin. M. show an apple green fluorescence under UV light. They are very soluble in chloroform... 

In contrast to orf, brucellosis infection has developed in humans following self-injection with live brucella vaccine. In the USA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) received reports of 26 cases through passive surveillance and 21 of these had suffered needle stick injuries with contaminated needles used for animal vaccination, 4 had received conjunctival spray exposure and one individual had contamination through an open wound. There were no cases of brucellosis in these subjects. There is currently insufficient data to determine if the strain involved can cause systemic brucellosis in humans. " Self-injection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacterin (Johne s disease bacterin) produced only minor local reactions. 

Traditional herbal and homeopathic remedies that are supplied as natural treatments for medical conditions or diseases are subject to regulation as drugs, for example St. John s wort. 

Hyperforin, the major constituent in Hypericum perforatum (St. John s Wort), inhibits the enzymatic activity of 5-lipoxygenase and COX-1 in platelets, acts as a dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and COX-1, and might have some potential in inflammatory and allergic diseases connected to eicosanoids (32), Several Hypericum species are of medicinal value in Asia and the Pacific. One of these is Hypericum erectum Thunb., the potential of which as a source of 5-lipoxygenase is given here. 

Birks J and Flicker L (2003). Selegiline for Alzheimer s disease (The Cochrane Library No. 4). John Wiley Sons, Chichester, UK. 

Professor, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience Director, Division of Neuropathology Director, Alzheimer s Disease Research Center The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Ross 558, 720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore, Maryland 21205... 

St. John s wort, an herbal nonprescription medication containing hyperi-cum, may be effective for mild to moderate depression, but it is associated with several drug-drug interactions. Its potency, purity, and manufacture are not regulated by the FDA. As depression is a potentially life-threatening disease, all antidepressant treatments should be overseen by a trained healthcare professional. 

Figure 18.3 Pathways of copper that are blocked in Menkes and Wilson s disease. (From Crichton and Ward, 2006. Reproduced with permission from John Wiley Sons., Inc.)...

Iqbal K, Swaab DF, Winblad B, Wisniewski HM. Alzheimer s disease and related disorders. Etiology, pathogenesis and therapeutics. Chichester (UK) John Wiley and Sons Ltd 1999. 

Arnsten, A.F.T. and van Dyck, C.H. (1997) Monoamine and acetylcholine influences on higher cognitive functions in nonhuman primates relevance to the treatment of Alzheimer s disease. In Brioni, J.D. and Decker, M.W., eds. Pharmacological Treatment of Alzheimer s Disease Molecular and Neurobiological Foundations. New York John Wiley Sons, pp. 63-86. 

Prominent scientists of the pharma industry, such as Malcolm McCoss, Merck John Lamattina, Pfizer Robert Ruffolo, Wyeth Steven Paul, and Lilly Research Labs who were interviewed by Chemical Engineering News [1], did not provide a clear answer to the key question, which stakeholders, shareholders, and patients alike, are most worried about Will the new tools of pharma R D allow the industry to also collect the high-hanging fruit, namely, new therapeutic categories like Alzheimer s disease, different forms of cancer, metabolic syndromes, and multiple sclerosis, which develop over... 

Because herbal medicines are not classified as drugs by the FDA, the manufacturers of herbals cannot make claims that their product is effective at treating any disease or disorder. They can, however, make more general health claims. For example, companies that sell St. John s wort cannot say their product is useful for treating depression or anxiety, but they can say St. John s wort... 

Martyn CN. 1992. The epidemiology of Alzheimer s disease in relation to aluminum. In Aluminum in biology and medicine. Chichester John Wiley Sons, 69-86. 

Brioni, J. D. and Decker, M. W. (Eds) Pharmacological Treatment of Alzheimer s Disease. New York John Wiley Sons, 1997. 

Animals ex adrenal cortex (stress-, ACTH-induced) 4- synthesis in Addison s disease (sufferers Jane Austen, John F. Kennedy) T synthesis in Cushing s syndrome... 

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