Jet impact

Goldberg and Rubin [Ind. Eng. Chem. Proce.s.s Des. Dev., 6 195 (1967)] showed in tests with a disk spinning vertically to the foam layer that most mechanical procedures, whether centrifugation, mixing, or blowing through nozzles, consist basically of the application of shear stress. Subjecting foam to an air-jet impact can also provide a source... 

Gases or vapours that are water soluble or miscible or that are only soluble or highly reactive in other agents Absorption with multiple surface contact by atomizing liquid with spray nozzle or jet impaction Crabtree ozone analyser or midget venturi scrubber Water, acid, or alkali 5-25 60-100 Venturi scrubber satisfactory if dust is present Atomizer absorber will plug... 

The two manifolds that wash the cloth on both sides of the plate have high impact nozzles at a pressure of 100 bar. When some nozzles of one manifold are plugged the jet impact is uneven and the plates tend to swing. 

Optimal hydraulics is the proper balance of hydraulic parameters (flowrate and equivalent nozzle size) that satisfy chosen criteria of optimization. Hydraulic quantities used to characterize jet bit performance include hydraulic horsepower, jet impact force, jet velocity, Reynolds number at the nozzle, generalized drilling rate or cost per foot drilled. While designing the hydraulic program the limitations due to cuttings transport in the annulus and pump performance characteristics must be included. 

The quantities K and m may also be found by plotting p vs. Q (flowrate) on log-log graph paper. Here, an outline of a hydraulic program design for the maximum jet impact force is presented. The jet impact force F. (lb) is calculated from... 

Absorption with multiple surface contact by atomizing liquid with spray nozzle or jet impaction... 

Continuous slab casters, 23 266 Continuous smelting processes, 23 773 Continuous S03 jet-impact sulfonation process, 23 553... 

JET IMPACTION. A rapidly moving particle, striking a suitably coated surface, will leave an impression whose size is a function of the original drop diameter. Pilcher (7S) illustrates the operation of the jet impactor. The higher the jet velocity, the smaller the particle size which will impinge. An instrument called the cascade impactor consists of a series of these slides. The jet velocity is increased from slide to slide thus, the cascade is useful in determining droplet size distributions. 

Ranz and Wong (8S-1 OS) have made a detailed investigation of the impaction of dust and smoke particles on surface and body collectors, and have developed a mathematical statement of the problem. They include an outline of the history of jet impaction work. 

It can be seen that impingement between the streams shown in Fig. 1 is of a soft nature. As stated above, its flow configuration and impingement action are totally different from the impinging jet impacting on a fixed wall surface, which is a rigid impingement. 

A cloud water collector that separates unactivated (interstitial) particles from cloud droplets by jet impaction of these droplets on inert surfaces (12) provides a sample for chemical analyses. 

The use of multiple tube banks as a droplet collector has also been studied by Calvert (R-12). He reports that collection efficiency for closely packed tubes follows equations for rectangular jet impaction which can be obtained graphically from Fig. 14-115 by using a dimensional parameter p which is based on the tube geometry p = 2li/b, where b is the open distance between adjacent tubes in the row (orifice width) and It is the impaction length (distance between orifice and impingement plane), or approximately the distance between center-lines of successive tube rows. Note that the impaction parameter is plotted to the one-half power in Fig. 14-115 and that the radius of the droplet is used rather than the diameter. Collection efficiency overall for a given size of particle is predicted for the entire tube bank by... 

Interparticle colhsions due to turbulence in a free jet Collisions between particles accelerated by opposed jets Impact of particles on a target... 

Apart from pneumatic nebulization through gas entrainment other types of pneumatic nebulization have been realized. In so-called jet-impact nebulization, use is made of the impact of a high pressure jet of liquid on a surface [142],... 

Doherty M. P. and Hieftje G. M. (1984) Jet-impact nebulization for sample introduction in ICP spectrometry, Appl Spectrosc 38 405-411. 

We now consider the interface between carrier and toner, as these components interact in a dynamic development system. As we have noted, toner is commonly fabricated by "jet impacting" a brittle pigmented thermoplastic to form irregularly shaped particles of about 12/u m cross-section--particles whose surface comprises resin and carbon black (2, J 3, 58). The carrier cores are magnetic (ferrite or steel), typically about 250/4 m in size and therefore relatively massive. They are generally coated with a dielectric oxide or resin, which participates in the tribo-electrification process (2, it , 59). ... 

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