Continuous smelting processes

Figure 4.7 Principle of the Mitsubishi continuous smelting process.

Continuous slab casters, 23 266 Continuous smelting processes, 23 773 Continuous S03 jet-impact sulfonation process, 23 553... 

Figure 4. Gases f rom roasters and continuous smelting processes...

Berzelius A tin smelting process operated by Berzelius Metalhiitten at Duisberg-Wanheim, Germany. A mixture of oxide ore, coal, and sodium carbonate is fed continuously into a rotating tubular kiln having a constriction at the discharge end. The molten metal product collects in the sump at the end and the slag, which forms an upper layer, and flows off. 

Noranda A continuous copper smelting process, developed in Canada by Noranda Mines, from 1964. 

WORCRA [Womer Conzinc Rio-Tinto of Australia] A family of continuous smelting and refining processes developed by Conzinc Riotinto of Australia in the 1960s. Invented by H. K. Womer. The copper smelting process was piloted in Port Kembla, New South Wales, in 1968, but later abandoned. 

Additional processes include the Woera and the Irstil processes w hich arc based upon continuous melting and/or relining techniques. The eycloslecl and jet-smelting processes make liquid iron by Hash smelting of iron ore. 

For this reason, continuous smelting/converting gas is always diluted with weak process gas (e.g. anode furnace gas) and/or air before it is sent to catalytic S02 oxidation. 

Of the various continuous copper-smelting processes for production of blister copper from dried copper concentrates, three processes are discussed here. 

As new smelting processes are adopted, oxygen use is likely to accelerate since the investment for flash or continuous smelting and associated S02 control facilities is markedly reduced. Oxygen reduces nonproductive capital investment in pollution control facilities and increases the rate of return on new smelting investments. 

Lee, R W, 2(XX). The continuous evolution of the imperial smelting process, in Proceedings Lead-Zinc 2000, pp 455-466 (The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society Warrendale). 

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