Jesse effect

The role of subexcitation electrons is most important when the irradiated medium contains small amounts of impurity molecules the excitation energy ha) 0j (or the ionization potential I ) of which is below h(o0l. Such additive molecules can be excited or ionized by the subexcitation electrons the energy of which is between h(o 0j and fuom, and, consequently, the relative fraction of energy absorbed by an additive will be different from what it should be if the distribution of absorbed energy were solely determined by the relative fraction of valence electrons of each component of the mixture.213 214 According to estimates of Ref. 215, this effect is observed when the molar concentration of the additive is of the order of 0.1%. This selective absorption with ionization of additives has been first pointed out by Platzman as an explanation for the increase in the total ionization produced by alpha particles in helium after small amounts of Ar, C02, Kr, or Xe were added (the so-called Jesse effect).216... 

Because n < 1 for a shear thinning fluid, < 7 will be Jess than unity and a reduction in pressure drop occurs. The lower the value of n and the larger the value of b, the greater the effect will be. It will be noted that the effects of expansion of the air as the pressure falls have not been taken into account. 

D. Tang, A. Jess, X. Ren, B. Blumich, S. Stapf 2004, (Axial dispersion and wall effects in narrow fixed bed reactors — a comparative study based on RTD- and NMR-measurements), Chem. Eng. Tech-nol. 27, 866. 

Hie possibility that a particle with energy Jess than the barrier height can penetrate is a quantum-mechanical phenomenon known as the tunnel effect. A number of examples are known in physics and chemistry. The problem illustrated here with a rectangular barrier was used by Eyring to estimate the rates of chemical reactions. ft forms the basis of what is known as the absolute reaction-rate theory. Another, more recent example is the inversion of the ammonia molecule, which was exploited in the ammonia maser - the fbiemnner of the laser (see Section 9.4,1). 

Analyzing the data on molecular gases irradiated by vacuum UV emission,60 Platzman2 has noted that for certain gases the probability of ionization 77 (Eph) is smaller than unity when Eph exceeds Ix by 10 eV or more. This was confirmed in his subsequent study of molecule-noble-gas mixture,61 done in collaboration with Jesse. They have also observed an isotopic effect the substitution of deuterium for hydrogen increases the ionization probability. Platzman thus concluded that in such discrete states with E>lx the predissociation efficiently competes with autoionization. Platzman has named them the superexcitation states (SES). The SES were discussed in a special issue of Radiation Research62 (see also Refs. 25 and 63). 

The value of a model of this kind, in which a fair degree of confidence can be placed, is that it allows us to examine the effect of changing the operating conditions. Figure 9.17 shows the variation of production rate with the inlet temperature 7], for a fixed feed composition. With the standard space velocity of 13,800 hr it is clear that the optimum is about 425 C. B> increasing the flow rate so that the space velocity is 18,000 hr", a greater production can be achieved (this time with Tq = 430 C) but it is somewhat more sensitive to the value of 71,. A decrease of flow rate lowers the production and makes it Jess sensitive to variations in Tq. (Also shown on this figure is the stability limit about which we shall have more to say shortly.)... 

As the formation of disulfide bridges between proximate cysteine residues plays a particularly important role in physical properties of wool, any reagents or conditions that interfere with these bonds will have a significant effect on the fibres. A particular and related problem associated with the deterioration of wool fibres is the release of volatile sulfur compounds, which may then attack adjacent materials many of the silver-containing metal threads found on the Tree of Jesse tapestry show signs of surface corrosion, in the form of silver sulfide. 

Jesse GW, Walker JR, Weiss CN and Mayes HF (1988) Effect of supplemental potassium in the receiving diet and form of antibiotic on feeder pig performance. J Anim Sd 66 1325 —1334. 

If the COa present in air he produced by respiration, or com- bustion, the proportion of O is at the same time diminished, and much smaller absolute and relative amounts of the poisonous gas will produce the effects mentioned above. Thus, an atmosphere containing in volumes 19.75 per cent. O, 7425 per cent. N, 6 per cent. COj, is much more rapidly fatal than one composed of 21 per cent. O, 59 per cent. X, 20 per cent. COs. With a corresponding reduction of O, 5 per cent, of CO renders an air sufficiently poisonous to destroy life 2 per cent, produces severe suffering 1 per cent, causes great discomfort, while 0.1 per cent., or even Jess, is recognized by a sense of closeness. 

Jesse, L.C.H. and Obrycki, J.J. (2000). Field deposition of Bt transgenic corn pollen Lethal effects on the monarch butterfly. Oecologia, available at athene.em.springer.de. 

Figure 4.11.14 Method to determine the effective reaction volume (for the example of a = 300 kJ moP see text). Taken from Jess (1995, 1996a, 1996b).

Figure 4.11.15 Effective reaction volume of the laboratory reactor (data from Jess, 1995).

Figure 4.11.24 Caicuiation of catalytic hydrogenation of 1-octene in a catalytic fixed-bed reactor effective rate versus octene concentration (25 bar, 100°C, Sh = 3.8 assumptions see text). Taken from Battsengel, Datsevitch, and Jess (2002) and Battsengel (2002).

Figure 6.11.7 Influence of temperature and particle size on the effectiveness factor with regard to pore diffusion of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis [according to Eqs. (6.11.20)-(6.11.28)] (jess and Kern, 2009).

For discussion of effects of this order on construction in the Army, see Jesse A. Remington and Lenore Fine, Construction in the United States, a Corps of Engineers volume in preparation for the series UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II, ch. XIII. 

Hansen Jesse, L.C. and J.J. Obrycki. 2002. Assessment of the non-target effects of transgenic Bt corn pollen and anthers on the milkweed tiger moth, Euchatias egle Drury (Lepidoptera Arctiidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 75 55-58. 

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