J>-Hydroxybenzoic acid

In leaves extracts, the main constituents included Salicylic acid (14.466%), Ethanol,(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-(13.254%), Catechol Monoethyl Ether (7.577%), Benzeneacetic acid, a-hydroxy-, methyl ester (6.151%), Patchouli alcohol (5.130%), 5-Methyl-2,4-diisopropylphenol (3.316%), 4-Hydroxyphenylethanol (2.799%), Hexanoic acid,6-iodo-(2.730%), 1-Phenylethanol (2.351%), Benzeneacetic acid (2.164%), Methylbenzene (1.570%), Octacosane (1.517%), n-Pentadecanoic acid (1.504%), 9-Methyl-Z-lO-tetradecen-l-ol acetate (1.457%), 1-Hexacosene (1.359%), j -Hydroxybenzoic acid (1.001%). 

Aminosalicylic acid (5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid) [89-57-6] M 153.1, m 276-280 , 283 (dec), pK 2.74 (CO2H), pK 5.84 (NH2). Cryst as needles from H2O containing a little NaHS03 to avoid aerial oxidation to the quinone-imine. The Me ester gives needles from C6H6, m 96°, and the hydrazide has m 180-182° (From H2O). [Fallab et al. Helv Chim Acta 34 26 1951, Shavel J Amer Pharm Assoc 42 402 1953.]... 

Cooper BH, GA Land (1979) Assimilation of protocatechnate acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid as an aid to laboratory identification of Candida parapsilosis and other medically important yeasts. J Clin Microbiol 10 343-345. 

Blakley ER (1974) The microbial degradation of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid a pathway involving aromatiza-tion to form p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Can J Microbiol 20 1297-1306. 

Maximal levels for -coumaric and ferulic acids of 30.0 and 6.5 pmol/1 0 g of soil ha e been reported (158) and concentrations of 4 x 10 M and 3 x 10 M, respectively, for these two acids in other soils (161)Other gtudies indicate a similar concentration range of 2.3 x 10 to 10 M for -hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and j>-coumaric acids (169). These levels may be too low to have direct measurable allelopathic effects on plants in greenhouse or growth chamber studies (non-rhizosphere soils, low microbial population). However, in field rhizosphere soils (high microbial population) these levels could be sufficient to influence microbial growth... 

Lim E-K, Doucet CJ, Li Y, Elias L, Worrall D, Spencer SP, Ross J, Bowles DJ (2002) The activity of Arabidopsis glycosyltransferases toward salicylic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and other benzoates. J Biol Chem 277 586-592... 

Rtiegg T, Calderon Al, Queiroz EF. (2006) 3-Famesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid is a new mti-Helicobacter pylori compound from Piper multiplin-ervium. J Ethnopharmacol 103 461 67. 

Tomas-Barberan, F.A. and Clifford, M.N., Dietary hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives — nature, occurrence and dietary burden, J. Sci. Food Agric., 80, 1024, 2000. 

Terahara, N. et al.. Structures of campanin and rubrocampanin two novel acylated anthocyanins with p-hydroxybenzoic acid from the flowers of bellflower. Campanula medium L., J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 3327, 1990. 

Negishi I, Ozawa T (1996) Determination of hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxybenzaldehydes, hydroxybenzyl alcohols and their glucsides y high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 756 129-136... 

Scheiffer, G. W., Palermo, P. J., and Pollard-Walker, S. (1984), Simultaneous determination of methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl 4-hydroxybenzoates and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in liquid antacid formulations by gas chromatography, J. Pharm. Sci., 73,128. 

Doherty, H. M., Selvendran, R. R. and Bowles, D. J. (1988). The wound response of tomato plants can be inhibited by aspirin and related hydroxybenzoic acids. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 33 377-384. 

The acetyl 1CH3C - J derivative of o-hydroxybenzoic acid is the active ingredient in aspirin... 

Kim C-G, Kirschning A, Bergon P, Zhou P, Su E, Sauerbrei B, Ning S, Ahn Y, Breuer M, Leistner E, Floss HG (1996) Biosynthesis of 3 -Amino-5 -hydroxybenzoic Acid, the Precursor of mCyN Units in Ansamycin Antibiotics. J Am Chem Soc 118 7486... 

Beltran-Heredia, J., Torregrosa, J., Dominguez, J.R., and Peres, J.A., Comparison of the degradation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in aqueous solution by several oxidation processes, Chemosphere, 42, 351-359, 2001. 

Cohen, J. and Lach, J. L. 1963. Interaction of pharmaceuticals with Schardinger Dextrins I interaction with hydroxybenzoic acids and p-hydroxybenzoat)ePharm. Sci52 132-136. 

French, C.J., Vance, C.P. Towers, G.H.N. (1976). Conversion of p-coumaric acid to p-hydroxybenzoic acid by cell free extracts of potato tubers and Polydorus hispidus. Phytochemistry 15, 564-6. 

Lunak S, Sedlak P, Lederer P. Methylene-blue-sensitized photochemical hy-droxylation of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid by hydrogen peroxide photocatalytic effect of ferric chloride. J Photochem 1987 39 239-250. 

Shann, J. R. and Blum, U. 1987. The uptake of ferulic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids by Cucumis sativus. Phytochemistry 26, 2959-2964... 

Schultz, J.M. and Herrmann, K. (1980) Occurrence of hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid in spices. IV. Phenolics of spices. Zeitschrift fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 171,1 93-1 99. 

Beltran-Heredia J, Torregrosa j, Dominguez JR, Peres JA (2001) Comparison of the Degradation of p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid in Aqueous Solution by Several Oxidation Processes, Chemosphere 42 351-359. 

Tian, Z. Wang, X.-B. Wang, L.-S. Kass, S. R. Are carboxyl groups the most acidic sites in amino acids Gas-phase acidities, photoelectron spectra, and computations on tyrosine, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and their conjugate bases, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 1174-1181. 

Higuchi, T. Zuck, D.A. Investigation of some complexes formed in solution. III. Interactions between caffeine and aspirin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, salicylate ion, and butyl paraben. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. (Wash). 1953, 42, 138-145. 

Srcic, S. Rupprecht, H. Mrhar, A. Karba, R. Chemiadsor-bates of p-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester on silica as a new type of pro-drug. III. Modelling and simulation of drug release from chemiadsorbates to acid aqueous solution. Int. J. Pharm. 1991, 73, 221-229. 

May DG, Weiner IM.The renal mechanisms for the excretion of m-hydroxybenzoic acid in cebus monkeys relationship to urate transport. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1971 176 407-417. 

Wu, P.L., Martin, A., 1983. Extended Hildebrand solubility approach j9-hydroxybenzoic acid in mixtures of dioxane and water. J. Pharm. Sci. 72, 587-592. 

Lehner SJ, Muller BW, Seydel JK. Interactions between p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters and hydroxypropyl-P-cyclodextrin and their antimicrobial effect against Candida albicans. Int J Pharm 1993 93 201-208. 

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