Ivory-nut meal

Meganit. A dynamite contg NG 60, nitrated wood pulp 10, nitrated ivory nut meal 10 ... 

Ivory nut meal used in US dynamites is usually either fine (No 1), which has about 5% remaining on No 20 sieve and 30% passing No 100 sieve, or coarse (No 2) with 5% remaining on No 10 and 5% passing No 60. The percentage of ash in both cases is below 5% and moisture below 10%. Absorption value 30-35%... 

Wood-meal.—To inferior flours and especially to low semolinas for fodder, bran, and the like, additions are sometimes made of wood-meal, arachis husk, ivory-nut meal, etc. 

Ivory- nut meal [Plate V (at end of chapter), Fig. 38] is detected by the following microscopical test The flour is treated with 3% soda solution and left for half an hour, after which the liquid is decanted off and the residue washed with water and examined under the microscope. The ivory-nut meal is readily recognised by its characteristic structure, since the cells of the endosperm of this seed exhibit an enormous thickening of the walls, so that the aperture of the cell is distinctly reduced. These thickenings are interrupted here and there by channels connecting the cells.8... 

Another test far the detection of ivory-nut meal is as follows4 5 grams of the flour are shaken in a separating funnel with chloroform and left at rest for 6 hours. Any ivory-nut meal present is then deposited on the bottom of the funnel and is examined microscopically, any extraneous mineral matter being removed by the treatment given above. 

Cellulose (method 15, above). In first quality flour, the cellulose does not exceed 0 3% (0 34% on the dry matter). It increases in the lower qualities up to 1% (1 15% on the dry matter) for flour with a high ash. Wood-meal, ivory-nut meal and the like should not be present. 

Plate I.—Wheat and rye hairs, and various starches. Plates II, III and IV.—Various starches Plate V.—Various starches, dextrin and ivory-nut meal Plates VI-XT.—Textile fibres. ... 

American Dynamites, Ordinary. A series of non-gelatinized, so-called straight dynamites or dynamites with active base, reported to contain NG 15-60, combustible materials (wood pulp,sawdust,ivory nut meal, raw corn flakes, sulfur, etc for grades below 40% NG or wood pulp alone for other grades) 20-14,... 

Itaconic acid, from sucrose, IV, 322, 327 Ivory-nut meal, III, 143... 

D-Mannonic acid was prepared by Fischer and Hirschberger since the calcium, barium and cadmium salts were all amorphous, the crystalline phenylhydrazide was isolated. Hydrolysis with barium hydroxide followed by removal of the phenylhydrazine with ether and the barium with sulfuric acid gave the crystalline lactone. The phenylhydrazide could also be obtained (15% yield) by the oxidation of hydrolyzed ivory-nut meal. D,L-Mannose was converted by Fischer to D,L-mannonic acid and isolated as the phenylhydrazide. 

Among the dopes used may be cited the following combustibles colophony (used by Nobel in his Dynamites of 1869 1873) (Vol 3 of Encycl, p C403R) wood-meal, woodpulp and sawdust in Grisounile and in some Amer Dynamites cork,charcoal (in "Carbodynamite , described in Ref 60, p C52-L) naphthalene (in Rbeiniscbdynamit) and cotton or other forms of cellulose (in "FoTcites ). Less frequently have been used peat moss, ivory nut meal, unbaked com flakes, starch, pulverized peanut hull, pulverized cottonseed hulls and sunflower-seed shells... 

Other Anhydrides. — The 1,6-anhydro derivatives of aldohexoses have been reviewed, and the application of empirical force-field calculations to all eight of these anhydrides has closely reproduced the conformational variations observed in crystal structures, but the conformational differences in the five-membered ring are not so well predicted." The yield of l,6-anhydro-/3-D-mannopyranose from the pyrolysis of ivory nut meal is improved by 50% by predigestion with acid. ... 

A polysaccharide containing 95% or more mannose units which are (1 4) linked in the P-pyranosyl form with some a-D-galactopyranosyl units (1 6) linked along the main chain. The type of mannan depends on the ratio i> mannose D-galactose Galactomannan 1.04-5.26 1 Mannan A 50 1 Mannan B 90 1. Polymeric. Minimum formula given. Occurs in custard apple, ebony and palms. Ivory nut mannan is a major product. Used in prepn. of i>Mannose by hydrol. of ivory nut meal. Widely used in industry, notably in food, pharmaceuticals, paints and explosives. [a]i -44.58 (c, 0.83 in N NaOH). 

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