Italian Law

TABLE 3.4 Vin Santo (Official denominations and recognitions according to Italian law, and relative main parameters)... 

Figure 7.9 Histogram (A) and cumulative probability curve (B) for Pb in volcanic soils of metropolitan and provincial areas of Napoli. The probability curve also shows the evaluated range of background values, the percent cumulative value corresponding to the residential/ recreational land use intervention limit, and the percent cumulative value corresponding to the commercial/industrial land use intervention limit given by the environmental Italian Law (471 /99).

Figure 8.9 Interpolated distribution of quasi-total elemental concentrations of Pb (A), Zn (B) and Cu (C) in the soils of the main cities of the Campania region ofltaly (Albanese, 2008), based on aqua regia concentrations, compared with the bioavailable (ammonium acetate-EDTA) concentrations (dots). The data were reclassified by means of the intervention levels established by Italian law D.M. 152/99 (Ministero dell Ambiente, 2006).

In addition to the important technical factors described above, two additional elements introduced significant uncertainty in the development and pursuit through the NAP of a clear path to achieving the Kyoto target on the one hand, before Russia s ratification in February 2005, the uncertainties associated with the coming into force of the Kyoto Protocol, while on the other the time-frame for the transposition into Italian law of the EU ETS Directive. 

Also, triazoles (triadimefon, penconazole, propiconazole, and myclo-butanyl structures are reported in Fig. 9.1) are fungicides widely employed in viticulture to control powdery mildew, molds, and other fungal pathogens. These compounds are classified as acutely toxic. They may affect liver functionality, decrease kidney weights, alter urinary bladder structure, and have acute effects on the central nervous system (Briggs, 1992). Due to their persistence, they may be present in fruit juices and wines. The Italian law fixed their LODs in wine between 100 and 500pg/kg. 

Other, more specific studies reach a similar conclusion. For example Pegna and Terracina (2004) point out the absence, until quite recently, of any practical guidelines or criteria on managing chemical risks in relation to cxunpliance with the Italian laws to implement EU Directives on chemical agents. 

Table 2.6. Toxicological classes of pesticides, according to Italian law...

The municipal water supply is the same as tap water in the case of households, also referred to here as drinking water. Currently, Milan s water narrowly meets the EU standards as set by the 1980 European Commission Directive on Drinking Water Quality (80/778/EEC) and subsequently adopted in Italian law (DPR 236/88). The European Directive contains certain guidelines as well as maximum permissible concentrations for 71 parameters. The Italian interpretation includes conditions under which regional administrations can issue limited exemptions to water authorities regarding certain standards, in view of the extensive remedial measures and investment pressures created by the new standards (Funari et al.,... 

The functional unit of the LCA study was defined as the material assembly used for the production of 1 m of a building s wall with thermal transmittance U < 0.46 W/m K (according to the Italian law). 

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) constitute a very important class of water pollutants because of their persistence in addition, many of them are suspected of being carcinogenic. There are about 60 VOCs, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes ( BTEX compounds ), halomethanes, and haloethanes. The presence of some of them in water is due to anthropic activities, for example, the use of chlorinated solvents in industries and laundries, and the formation of halomethanes as by-products of water disinfectants. With respect to Italian law DL 31/01, the maximum allowable concentration (threshold) for the sum of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene concentrations in drinking water is 10 ppb, whereas the minimum account for the sum of a set of four halogenated compounds, namely chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and chlorodibromomethane must be as low as possible and must not exceed 30 ppb. Note that 30 ppb is equivalent to 30 Tg L-i. 

Besides new Italian law on safety, n.81/08, states that in the future, in SMEs with less than 50 workers, risk analysis could be made with procedures that have to be based on data about accidents at work. So once more the absence of a methodology based on this kind of data is a problem that RATE contributes to solve. 

It has to be mentioned that the Italian law now stipulates that once bags are used for the collection of organic waste, such bags have to be biodegradable/compostable. 

An evaluation of construction, operation and maintenance costs has been performed with reference to a site with standard characteristics, to Italian laws and regulations and to the production of electric energy [IV-2],... 

Even if the percentage of plastics waste used as a filler cannot be high, its common use may absorb sizable amounts of wastes. As an example, in Italy, a blending of 10% of mixed plastics waste with non-food thermoplastics, excluding those for film manufacturing, could utilize 172,000 t/years, that is about 75% of all the plastic bottles manufactured every year in our country. It should be thus possible to fully satisfy the recycling objectives of the Italian law that requires a 40% recycling in 1992. 

Such composition is representative of the average composition of the plastic fraction obtained by separate collection of bottles, as required by the Italian law. 

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