Isoprene emission rates

FIGURE 6.24 Effect of light on isoprene emission rate from (a) aspen leaf and (b) velvet bean leaf (adapted from Monson et al., 1991, 1992 and Fall, 1999). 

FIGURE 6.25 Effect of willow leaf temperature on isoprene emission rate (adapted from Fall and Wildermuth, 1998 and Fall, 1999). 

Monson, R. K., A. J. Hills, P. R. Zimmerman, and R. Fall, Studies of the Relationship between Isoprene Emission Rate and C02 or Photon-Flux Density Using a Real-Time Isoprene Analyzer, Plant Cell Environ., 14, 517-523 (1991). 

Tingey, D. T., M. Manning, L. C. Grothaus, and W. F. Burns, The Influence of Light and Temperature on Isoprene Emission Rates from Live Oak, Physiol. Plant., 47, 112-118 (1979). 

Monson, R., Jaeger, C., Adams, W., Driggers, E., Silver, G and Fall, R. (1992) Relationships among isoprene emission rate, photosynthesis, and isoprene. synthase activity as influenced by temperature, Plant Physiol., 92, 1175-1180. 

Isoprene Emission Rates and Mixing Ratios and Comparisons with Model Predictions. . 75... 

Fall R, Monson RK. Isoprene emission rate and intercellular isoprene concentration as influenced by stomatal distribution and conductance. Plant Riysiol, 1992 100 987-992. 

Monson RK, Hills AJ, Zimmermann PR, Fall RR. Studies of the relationship between isoprene emission rate and CO2 or photon-flux density using a real-time isoprene analyser. Plant Cell Environm, 1991 14 517-523. 

Velikova, V, PinelU, R, Pasqualini, S. et al. (2005) Isoprene decreases the concentfa-tion of nitric oxide in leaves exposed to elevated ozone. New Phytol. 166,419. Vickers, C. E., PosseU, M., Cojocariu, C. I. et al. (2009) Isoprene synthesis protects transgenic tobacco plants from oxidative stfess. Plant, Cell Environ. 32, 520. Rosenstiel, T. N., Ebbets, A. L., Khatfi, W. C. et al. (2004) Induction of poplar leaf nitrate reductase a test of extrachloroplastic control of isoprene emission rate. Plant Biol. 6,12. 

Benjamin, M. T M. Sudol, L. Bloch, and A. M. Winer, Low-Emitting Urban Forests A Taxonomic Methodology for Assigning Isoprene and Monoterpene Emission Rates, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1437-1452 (1996). 

Guenther, A. B P. R. Zimmerman, P. C. Harley, R. K. Monson, and R. Fall, Isoprene and Monoterpene Emission Rate Variability Model Evaluations and Sensitivity Analyses, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 12609-12617 (1993). 

Isoprene occurs in the environment as emissions from vegetation, particularly from deciduous forests, and as a by-product in the production of ethylene by naphtha cracking. In the United States, the total emission rate of isoprene from deciduous forests has been estimated at 4.9 tonnes per year, with greatest emissions in the summer. The global annual emission of isoprene in 1988 was estimated to be 285 000 thousand tonnes. Isoprene is produced endogenously in humans. It has also been found in tobacco smoke, gasoline, turbine and automobile exhaust, and in emissions from wood pulping, biomass combustion and rubber abrasion (United States National Library of Medicine, 1997). 

Guenther A, Zimmerman PR, Harley P et al (1993) Isoprene and monoterepene emission rate variability Model evaluations and sensitivity analyses. J Geophys Res 98D 12609-12617 Holslag A, Boville B (1993) Local versus nonlocal boundary-layer diffusion in a global climate model. J. Climate 6 1825-1842... 

Biogenic hydrocarbon emission rates from individual plant species have been estimated experimentally by placing small plants or branches in enclosures and measuring the accumulation of emitted compounds. Extensive emission rate measurements have been reported for a relatively limited number of compounds isoprene and a number of the dominant monoterpenes. Isoprene does appear to be the dominant compound emitted from vegetation. 

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