Isopod

Engenheiro, E.L., Hankard, P.K., and Sousa, J.P. et al. (2005). Influence of dimethoate on acetylcholinesterase activity and locomotor function in terrestrial isopods. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 24, 603-609. 

The uptake and elimination of benzo[a]pyrene by the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber have been investigated (van Brnmmelen and van Straalen 1996), and 1-hydroxypyrene was identified among the metabolites of pyrene in this organism (Stroomberg et al. 1996). 

Larsen OFA, IS Kozin, AM Rija, GJ Stroomberg, JA de Knecht, NH Velthorst, C Gooijer (1998) Direct identification of pyrene metabolites in organs of the isopod Porcello scaber by fluorescence line narrowing spectroscopy. A a/ Chem 70 1182-1185. 

Stroomberg GJ, C Reuther, I Konin, TC van Brummelen, CAM van Gestel, C Gooijer, WP Cofino (1996) Formation of pyrene metabolites by the terrestrial isopod Porcello scaber. Chemosphere 33 1905-1914. 

Carvalho FP, Fowler SW. 1985. Biokinetics of plutonium, americium and californium in the marine isopod Cirolcma borealis, with observations on its feeding and molting behavior. Mar Biol 89 173-181. 

A number of microorganisms have been found to degrade hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur or sulfate. Among these are a heterotrophic bacterium of the genus Xanthomonas isolated from dimethyl disulfide-acclimated peat (Cho et al. 1992), heterotrophic fungi (Phae and Shoda 1991), and a marine isopod (Vismann 1991). 

Vismann B. 1991. Physiology of sulfide detoxification in the isopod Saduria (Mesidotea) entomon. Marine Ecology Progress Series 76 283-293. 

Bouchon, D., Rigaud, T. and Juchault, P. (1998) Evidence for widespread Wolbachia infection in isopod crustaceans molecular identification and host feminization. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 265, 1081-1090. 

Ham, L., R. Quinn, and D. Pascoe. 1995. Effects of cadmium on the predator-prey interaction between the turbellarian Dendrocoelum lacteum (Muller, 1974) and the isopod crustacean Asellus aquaticus (L.). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 29 358-365. 

Tests show that the presence of soil reduces the toxicity of copper to the soil-dwelling nematode Caenorhabditis elegans copper toxicity to nematodes increases with increasing densities of bacteria and increasing concentrations of sodium chloride or potassium chloride (Donkin and Dusenbery 1993). Terrestrial isopods efficiently assimilate and store copper as detoxihed granules in the hepatopancreas this activity is in contrast to many species of marine crustaceans that are unable to assimilate, detoxify, or otherwise regulate copper (Weeks and Rainbow 1993). 

Hopkin, S.P., D.T. Jones, and D. Dietrich. 1993. The isopod Porcellio scaber as a monitor of the bioavailability of metals in terrestrial ecosystems towards a global woodlouse watch scheme. Sci. Total Environ., Suppl. 1993, Part 1 357-365. 

Some populations of freshwater isopods are tolerant to lead. Inasmuch as nontolerant isopods from an unpolluted site can be made tolerant by exposure to low levels, it is suggested that naturally occurring tolerance may be achieved by acclimatization (Fraser 1980). Research is needed on lead transformation mechanisms, on toxic forms of lead and interaction effects with other compounds, and on effects of lead-contaminated sediments on benthos (Wong et al. 1978). 

Fraser, J. 1980. Acclimation to lead in the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus. Oecologia 45 419-420. Friberg, L. 1988. The GESAMP evaluation of potentially harmful substances in fish and other seafood with special reference to carcinogenic substances. Aquat. Toxicol. 11 379-393. 

Whole-body zinc content of terrestrial isopods seems to reflect soil zinc levels and may be a useful indicator of soil contamination (Hopkin et al. 1989). Porcellio scaber, a terrestrial isopod known as a woodlouse, is recommended as a biological indicator of zinc contamination because of the positive correlation between zinc content in soil or leaf litter and woodlouse hepatopancreas. Zinc content in Porcellio, litter, and soil near a zinc smelter, in mg/kg DW, was >1000 in whole isopod, >9000 in hepatopancreas, >10,000 in titter, and >50,000 in soil (Hopkin et al. 1986). 

Isopod, Oniscus asellus, whole From soil containing various concentrations of zinc, (mg Zn/kg soil DW) ... 

Donker, M.H., H.M. Abdel-Lateif, M.A. Khalil, B.M. Bayoumi, and N.M. Van Straalen. 1998. Temperature, physiological time, and zinc toxicity in the isopod Porcellio scaber. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 1558-1563. Droual, R., C.U. Meteyer, and F.D. Galey. 1991. Zinc toxicosis due to ingestion of a penny in a gray-headed chachalaca (Ortalis cinereiceps). Avian Dis. 35 1007-1011. 

Hopkin, S.P., C.A.C. Haines, and S. Bragg. 1989. Terrestrial isopods as biological indicators of zinc pollution in the Reading area, south east England. Monitore Zool. Italiano, Monogr. 4 477-488. 

Lewis, T.E. and A.W. McIntosh. 1986. Uptake of sediment-bound lead and zinc by the freshwater isopod Asellus communis at three different pH levels. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 15 495-504. 

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