Heterotrophs fungi

A number of microorganisms have been found to degrade hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur or sulfate. Among these are a heterotrophic bacterium of the genus Xanthomonas isolated from dimethyl disulfide-acclimated peat (Cho et al. 1992), heterotrophic fungi (Phae and Shoda 1991), and a marine isopod (Vismann 1991). 

Fungi Heterotroph Carbohydrate (sugars, starch, pectin, cellulosics) As carbon source nh3, nh4+... 

The fungi (e.g., molds, mildews, rusts, yeasts, or mushrooms) are the third major group of solid phase microorganisms. However, they differ from bacteria and actinomycetes in that they are eukaryotic. They are all heterotrophic, and most are aerobic, with the exception of yeasts, which are fermenting microorganisms. 

Fungi and yeasts are also members of the marine heterotrophic eukaryotes. They are generally found living on or within tissues of other organisms or on detrital POM. Fungi are important primarily in coastal water where they serve as decomposers of terrestrial vascular plant detritus. Yeasts occur as parasites of copepods. 

Osmotrophs are organotrophic organisms that acquire nutrients from their environment one molecule at a time. Osmotrophs include most members of the bacteria and archaea domains, as well as fungi and several protistan groups. Except in association with coarse organic particles where eukaryotic fungi and oomycetes are prominent, prokaryotes dominate heterotrophic metabolism, so are the focus of the text that follows. We use the term bacteria loosely, recognizing that heterotrophic archaea may well be major consitituents of the microbial loop of many systems. 

There are several approaches that can be taken to supply material for pharmaceutical evaluation. Two of these, invertebrate cell culture and fermentation of associated microorganisms, begin with determining the biogenetic origin of the compound. There are numerous reports of metabolite localization, primarily in sponges, in which production of a bioactive metabolite has been inferred or demonstrated to be localized either in a host invertebrate cell or in microbial associates which include cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria and fungi.72-73... 

Heterotrophs organisms (e.g., animals and fungi) that require external food resources for energy. 

Fungi Nonmobile, heterotrophic, mostly multicellular eukaryotes, including yeasts and mushrooms. 

Extracellular deposition Some bacteria and fungi contribute to calcium carbonate precipitation in the bulk phase with CO2 generated in their respiration on organic energy sources. This precipitation is dependent on a circumneutral pH range and an excess of Ca " " in the reactive zone in the bulk phase. The formation of extracellular calcium carbonate from respiratory CO2 formed by heterotrophic bacteria and fungi involves the following sequence of equilibrium reactions or variants thereof ... 

Brandi, H. (2001). Heterotrophic leaching. In Fungi in Bioremediation, ed. G. M. Gadd. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, pp. 383-423. 

Gage and Tyler (1991) stated that fungi, as prominent heterotrophic organisms in the oceans, are transported passively from the surface to the deep sea by rapidly sinking water masses in the Arctic and Antarctic regions and/or by attachment to sinking particulate substrate (Van Uden Fell, 1968 Kohlmeyer Kohlmeyer, 1979). Several substrates, such as wood, particulate organic matter, or chitin from the exoskeleton of... 

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