Isophthalic acid, 5-Hydroxy

Isophthalic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 40,48 Isoprene, addition to dichlorophenyl-phosphine, 43, 73 Isopropyl isocyanide, 41,14 5 Isopropyl-1,2,3,4,5-pen tachlorocyclo-pentadiene, 43, 92... 

Isophthalic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 40,48 Isoprene, addition to dichlorophenyl-. 

Hydroxyacetamido-2,4,6-triido-isophthalic acid-(2,3-dihydroxy-JV-methyl-propyl) - (2 -hydroxy- ethyl) - diamide 5-Amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid bisamides... 

Ester-based cascades (e.g., 107) have been prepared[77 80i by using 5-(tert-butyldime-thylsiloxy)isophthaloyl dichloride (108), which was synthesized in high yield from 5-hydroxy-isophthalic acid (Scheme 5.26). The dendron wedges were prepared by treatment of siloxane 108 with phenol to give bis(aryl ester) 109, which was hydrolyzed, or desilylated (HC1, acetone), to generate a new phenolic terminus. Treatment of this free phenolic moiety with monomer 108, followed by hydrolysis, afforded the next tier (110). Repetition of the sequence followed by reaction of the free focal phenols with a triacyl chloride core, (e.g., 86), afforded the fourth tier dendrimer 107 of the polyester aryl series. It was noted that the choice of base (N, A-dimethylaniline) used in the final esterification was critical, since with pyridine bases (pyridine or 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine) facile transesterification resulting in branch fragmentation occurred. 

For food contact articles the following starting materials can be used 4,4 -dioxy-diphe-nyl-2,2-propane, 4,4 -dioxy-diphenyl-l, 1 -cyclohexane, 2,6-bis-(2 -hydroxy-5 -methylben-zyl)-4-methyl phenol (< 1 %), l,4-bis-(4, 4 -dihydroxytriphenyl-methyl)-benzene (< 1 %), diphenyl carbonate, phosgene, terephthalic acid dichloride, isophthalic acid dichloride, 4,4 -dioxy-diphenyl-3,3 -oxindol (< 1 %), 3,3-bis-(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-indoli-none (< 1 %). 

A whole series of high-performance polyester LCPs was introduced in 1985. They were assembled from p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. Polyarylates (PARs) - amorphous phenolic esters derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids (mixtures of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid) and biphenols such as bisphenol A - are produced by Amoco (Ardel ), Celanese (Durel ) and DuPont (Arylon ) at a volume of approx. 2000 t/a. 

Hydroquinone(HQ) or a naphthalenediol in the above reactions can be replaced with other diols such as biphenols and bisphenols. In the same manner, other dicarboxylic acid such as cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acids can be used in place of terephthalic acid. Of course, these substitutes should not destroy the linearity of the polymer chains if one is to obtain thermotropic compositions. 6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is a substitute for 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in Reactions 18 and 19. 

Another possibility for obtaining imide modified thermoplastic polyesters was to use as a monomer the hydroxy acid made from trimellitic anhydride and aminoethanol. Such a poly(ester-imide) was claimed for injection molding [240]. For the same use, poly(ester-imide)s containing aminophenol/trimellitic anhydride [241],imidised polyfbutylene terephthalate) [242] and a wholly aromatic poly(ester-imide) made from trimellitic anhydride, p-aminobenzoic acid, p-acetoxybenzoic acid, diacetoxybiphenyl and terephthalic and isophthalic acids are known, which showing optical anisotropy [243]. 

Table 9 lists two series of PEIs based on copolymers of precondensed units of trimellitic anhydride and m-aminophenol, reacted with varying molar fractions (20-100%) of 2-hydroxy naphthalene 6-carboxylic acid or 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. In both series an MI score of 10 corresponded to the onset of liquid crystallinity, and an isotropic copolymer was obtained for MI < 9.6. A series of PEIs is given in Table 25, in which varying ratios of N-carboxyphenyl trimellitimide and isophthalic acid are co-reacted with phenylhydroquinone [82]. The MI values vary by only 0.1 units between compositions and more accurately pinpoint the transition between the mesogenic and isotropic state to the range 9.5-9.6. 

Trimethylpentanediol/isophthalic acid/trimellitic anhydride copolymer Trioctyidodecyl citrate 1,1,3-Trls (2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl) butane Tromethamine acrylates/acrylonitrogens copolymer Urea-formaldehyde resin, butylated... 

Isophthalic acid 32 Hydroquinone 36 p-Hydroxy benzoic acid 44 [11]... 

Salicylic acid, three impurities (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, phenol, 4-hydroxy-isophthalic acid), and two metabolites (gentisic acid, salicylglycine) were baseline resolved in 12min on a phenyl column (A = 235 nm) using a mobile phase of 40/60/1 methanol/water/H3P04 with 2.5 g -cyclodextrin/L to pH 2 [564]. The author notes that a C g column was ineffective. Linear ranges of 0.1-100 pg/mL and detection limits of 0.1 pg/mL (S/N = 3) were reported. 

The resistance of cured unsaturated polyesters to chemical attack, i.e., corrosion resistance, has been the subject of many studiesand the subject of several reviews.In general, polyester resins containing cyclic hydroxy compounds, such as hydrogenated bisphenol-A and 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexanediol or 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, have improved chemical resistance.Chemical resistance may also be obtained by employing neopentyl glycol, isophthalic acid trimethyl pentanediol, and propoxylated... 

Additional stabilizers effective against thermal degradation are, e.g., 5-hydroxy isophthalic acid (it reduces acetaldehyde formation) and a-diethyl succinate. 

The high performance LCP (HP-LCP) was made of copolyester of 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid (HNA), hydroquinone (HQ), 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (NDCA) and terephthalic acid (TA). HNA and NDCA were selected as naphthalene moiety because of imparting hydrolysis resistance to copolyester. Isophthalic acid (lA) was not used as one of the components because it was observed that the lA moiety, a bent-shaped monomer, deteriorates hydrolysis resistance. The ratio of HQ was specifically selected for adjusting the target melt viscosity of the copolymer. The level of heat resistance depends mainly on the ratio of both TA and HQ. Although many TLCPs have been developed and each commercial TLCP has a different combination of monomers, the composition of the HP-LCP... 

It should be noted that the switching process could be disabled in the acid form by the hydrogen bonds between the isophthalic acid and the hydroxy... 

The following abbreviations are used in this chapter HBA = 4-hydro-xybenzoic acid IA = isophthalic acid TA = terephthalic acid BP = 4,4 -biphenol HNA = 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid HQ = hydroquinone. 

AO containing various phenolic moieties were prepared by transesterification in the presence of tetraalkyl titanates. Randomly distributed -active moieties are characteristic of 140 (only the hard polyester segment is given) prepared from dimethyl terephthalate, 1,4-butanediol, poly(tetramethylene oxide)diol and dimethyl 5-(3,5-di-tm-butyl-4-hydroxybenzenepropaneamido)isophthalate [181]. The mentioned polymeric AO was used for stabilization of polyether-polyester elastomers. A partial attachement of tetrakis[methylene 3(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propionate]methane (3) via transesterification reaction was expected in the synthesis of another polyether-polyester elastomer by [182]. A reversible redox polyester was formed from 2,5-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)hydroquinone and dichlorides of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids [137],... 

Three commercially available thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) were presented as examples in this section. They are Hoechst Celanese Vectra A950 and Vectra B950 as well as Amoco Xydar . Vectra A950 is a random copolymer of 73 mol% 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 27 mol% 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, and Vectra B950 is a random copolyesteramide consisting of 60 mol% of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 20 mol% terephthalic acid, and 20 mol% p-aminophenol. Xydar is made from p-hydroxybenzoic acid, isophthalic and/or terephthalic acids, and 4,4 -biphenol. The repeating unit structures of the three LCPs are shown in Figure 6.2. 

For example, the synthesis of receptor 7, a caUxpyrrole with an isophthalate strap, is shown in Scheme This compound was synthesized by condensation of 5-hydroxy-2-pentanone with pyrrole in the presence of an acid catalyst to afford the dipyrromelhane. Isophthaloyl dichloride was made to react with 2 equivalents of Ihe dipyrromethane to afford the bis-dipyrromethane that was condensed with... 

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