Isoflavones table

Table 5 Isoflavone levels in infants fed various forms of milk or milk substitute " ...

Table 6.2 Short-term intervention studies with soy protein containing isoflavones, measurement of BMD...

Table 6.3 Effect of soy protein/extracts containing isoflavones on OVX-induced bone...

Table 6.4 Effect of pure isoflavones on OVX-induced bone loss in rodents...

Table 6.5 Effect of isoflavones in cellular models of bone resorption...

AOPP has been used in many studies to examine the role of PAL in the synthesis of secondary aromatic compounds. The results summarized in Table I indicate that levels of AOPP that have little or no effect on growth can strongly affect production of secondary aromatic products. Other studies have shown rapid cessation of isoflavone synthesis in Cicer ariethinum by 0.3 mM AOPP (61). 

Red clover is a plant that contains isoflavones in a slightly different composition compared with soy. Red clover contains formononetin and biochanin A, which are not present in soy and may thus have additional biological activity. So far, four studies (Barber et ah, 1999 Knight et ah, 1999 van de Weijer, 2002 Tice et ah, 2003) have been performed using isoflavones derived from red clover (Table 4.3). These have used doses of isoflavones ranging from 40 to 160 mg. Three out of four of these studies did not show any effects, even in spite of a very large sample size (Tice et ah, 2003). Only one study showed a reduction in the number of hot flushes. The reduction, however, was small (van de Weijer and Barentsen, 2002). Red clover therefore does not appear to have much of an effect on the reduction of hot flushes. 

To test the validity of the bioassay itself we prepared a diet containing increasing amounts of rotenone, a compound derived from isoflavones and thus chemically not far removed from the soybean phytoalexins. Results in this case followed exactly the expected dose response curve (Table VII). Both survival and weight gain of larvae were drastically affected by increasing concentrations of rotenone. This experiment showed that the bioassay would be capable of detecting toxic effects of the phytoalexins on the soybean looper larvae, if such effects were acute. It showed also that the detoxification mechanisms in the soybean looper, a rather polyphagous insect, may permit it to adequately overcome the antibiotic effect of the isoflavonoid phytoalexins, but not that of the isoflavone rotenone. 

Other investigators have found apiose in a wide variety of plants (see Table I). Apiose has usually been isolated as glycosides in which it is linked to compounds of low molecular weight. These include only derivatives of flavone, isoflavone, phenol, and anthra-quinone (see Table I). 

Structure-activity relationship. The endothelium-independent vasodilator effects showed by flavonoids are related to the structure of the compound tested. Structure- activity relationships have been studied to flavonoids selected from five groups flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, and flavanols in rat isolated aorta on the contractions induced by noradrenaline, KC1 and the phorbol ester derivative PMA, as well as the interactions of these flavonoids with isoprenaline and sodium nitroprusside, Table (2). 

Table 5.38 b. Structures and 13C Chemical Shifts (<5C in ppm) of Selected Chalcones, Flavones, Flavonols, Isoflavones, Dihydro-flavones, Dihydroflavonols and Flavons (Aglycones). Spectra were Recorded in DMSO-d6, Except those of Flavone (CDC13) and 2 -Hydroxy-, and 2,2 -Dihydroxychalcone (D20/DMS0-d6 (2 7)) [989, 990]. 

Table 11.6.1 Matrices of Some Common Soybean Products and Their Isoflavone Content...

Table 11.6.2 Solvent Mixture for Extracting Isoflavones from Soy Foods"...

Table 11.6.3 Commercial Sources of Soy Isoflavone Reference Standards"...

In this protocol, commercially purchased isoflavone standards (Table II. 6.3) are dissolved in a suitable solvent to prepare solutions in a series of decreasing concentrations. The absorbances are then measured using a UV spectrophotometer set at the isoflavone s maximum wavelength ( max), and the concentrations of isoflavone standard solutions are calculated using published molar extinction coefficients. The spectrum is also scanned in order to evaluate the fine structure (see Background Information, Spectral fine structure). 

Table 11.6.4 Isoflavone Stock Standard Solutions and Calibration Ranges...

Using a 5-digit analytical balance, weigh the amount of each crystalline isoflavone standard given in Table 11.6.4 and transfer to individual 50-ml volumetric flasks. 

Table 11.6.5 UV Spectral Pattern of Twelve Soy Isoflavones in 80 20 (v/v) Methanol/Water...

Fill a quartz/glass cuvette with the standard solution of a specific isoflavone. Measure the absorbance at Xmax (see Table 11.6.5). Take reading immediately. 

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