Isocyanates, organic toluene-2,4-diisocyanate

An equimolar mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine reacts at 500 K under a slight positive pressure. The reaction is extremely exothermic (Ai/gQQp. = —109.7 kJ or —26.22 kcal), and heat removal is the limiting factor in reactor design. Phosgene (qv) is often produced on-site for use in the manufacture of toluene diisocyanate (see Amines, aromatic-diaminotoluenes Isocyanates, organic). 

R is an organic moiety, which can be aliphatic or aromatic. Most commonly used in adhesives are the aromatic isocyanates, e.g., methylene diphenylisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI). These polyisocyanates and others will be discussed in Section 3. 

Toluene is a primary feedstock used to produce various organic compounds. It is used to produce diisocyanates. Isocyanates contain the functional group —N = C = O, and diisocyanates contain two of these. The two main diisocyanates are toluene 2,4-diisocyanate and toluene 2,6-diisocyanate. The production of diisocyanates in North America is close to a billion pounds annually. More than 90% of toluene diisocyanate production is used for making polyurethanes foams. The latter are used as flexible fill in furniture, bedding, and cushions. In rigid form it is used for insulation, hard shell coatings, building materials, auto parts, and roller skate wheels. 

The first method of making isocyanate-based foams was based on the reaction of a carboxyl-terminated polyester with an organic diisocyanate, e.g., toluene diisocyanate. The simultaneous reactions resulting in carbon dioxide generation and polyamide formation produced cellular plastics. 

ANILINE (62-53-3) Combustible liquid (flash point 158°F/70°C). Unless inhibited (usually by methanol), readily able to polymerize. Violent reaction, including the possibility of fire, explosion, and the formation of heat- or shock-sensitive compounds may result from contact with acetic anhydride, benzene diazonium-2-carboxylate, aldehydes, alkalis, benzenamine hydrochloride, boron trichloride, l-bromo-2,5-pyrrolidinedione, chlorosulfonic acid, dibenzoyl peroxide, fluorine nitrate, halogens, hydrogen peroxide, isocyanates, oleum, oxidizers, organic anhydrides, ozone, perchloryl fluoride, perchromates, potassium peroxide, P-propiolactone, sodium peroxide, strong acids, trichloromelamine. Strong reaction with toluene diisocyanate. Reacts with alkaline earth and alkali metals. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. Incompatible with copper and copper alloys. 

Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate. 2,4-Di isocyan atotolu -ene 2.4-tolylene diisocyanate TDI Nacconate 100, CjH -NjOj mol wt 174.15. C 62.07%, H 3.47%, N 16.09%, O 18.37%. Usually prepd from toluene-2,4-diamine and phosgene. Review Astle, Industrial Organic Nitrogen Compounds (New York, 1961) pp 284-313 Faith, Keyes Clark s Industrial Chemicals, F. A. Lowenheim, M. K. Moran, Eds. (Wiley -lntersdenee, New York, 4th ed., 1975) pp 831-835. 

Direct addition pol3mieri2ation of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose and a diisocyanate (4,4 -methylene-diphenyl-l, 1 -di-isocyanate, phenyl-1,4-di-isocyanate, toluene-2,4-di-isocyanate, or butyl-1,4-di-isocyanate) yields a linear sugar-containing poly(urea-urethane) (5) having good solubility in organic solvents, unlike chitin or chitosan. ... 

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