Retinopathies ischemic

Although the minimum effective intraocular dose of PEDF or K1K3 for controlling ischemic retinopathy is unknown, previous studies following systemic administration of PEDF protein in the same model we employ here suggest that the therapeutic threshold is approximately 5-11 /ig/day (Stellmach et al., 2001) by I.P. administration. If we make the simplest and most conservative... 

Hardy, P., Drrmont, I., Bhattacharya, M., Hou, X., Lachapelle, P., Varma, D.R., Chemtob, S. (2000). Oxidants, nitric oxide and prostanoids in the developing ocular vasculature a basis for ischemic retinopathy. Cardiovasc. Res. 47 489-509. 

Oxjmetazoline has a vasoconstrictor effect and this has been reported to have cansed an ischemic retinopathy (3). 

The authors concluded that this was sequential bilateral ischemic retinopathy due to oxymetazoline. 

Hardy P, Beauchamp M, Sennlaub F, Gobeil F Jr, Tremblay L, Mwaikambo B, Lachapelle P, Chemtob S (2005) New insights into the retinal circulation inflammatory lipid mediators in ischemic retinopathy. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 72 301-325... 

Oxidants, nitric oxide and prostanoids in the developing ocular vasculature a basis for ischemic retinopathy. Cardiovasc Res, 47, 489-509. 

Dittereatial Diagnosis. Differential diagnoses of disc hemorrhages include posterior vitreous detachment, diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, hemorrhage resulting from optic disc drusen, ischemic optic neuropathy, leukemia, and peripapillary neovascular membrane. 

There is considerable evidence that overstimulation of glutamate receptors promotes cell death in a number of retinal disease processes. Glutamate overstimulation may be particularly important in acute ischemic injuries, but it also may play a role in diabetic retinopathy (16) and chronic neurodegenerative processes such as glaucoma (17). Evidence for this includes the observation that glutamate levels are elevated in the vitreous of patients with these conditions (16,17). 

Eyes Erythematous, painful globe with dilated unreactive pupil (rubeosis iiidis) Papilledema Roth spot Cholesterol embolus Hypertensive or diabetic retinopathy Subhyaloid hemorrhage Ischemic eye due to combined ICA and ECA disease Increased intracranial pressure from intracranial mass, venous sinus thrombosis, hydrocephalus, chronic meningitis Bacterial endocarditis Cholesterol embolus from aorta or carotid Hypertension and/or diabetes Subarachnoid hemorrhage... 

Bevacizumab has been studied in advanced carcinoid tumors [167 ], prostate cancer [168 ], high-risk corneal transplantation [169 ], diabetic retinopathy [170 , 171, 172 ], ischemic retinal diseases [173 ], refractory choroidal neovascularization secondary to uveitis [174 ], macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion [175 ], retinal angiomatous proliferation [176% choroidal neovascularization attributable to pathological myopia [177, 178], exudative age-related macular degeneration [179 ], multifocal lymphangioendothe-liomatosis with thrombocytopenia [180" ], in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer [181 j, advanced melanoma [182 ], malignant pleural mesothelioma [183 ],... 

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