Iron chloride 480 Subject

Effect of Phosphorus on Human Metabolism of Iron and Zinc. Several groups of investigators have examined the effect of orthophosphate salts on iron and zinc utilization by human subjects. Peters, et al. (35) found that the oral administration of sodium orthophosphate salts or dicalcium phosphate with a solution of radiotagged iron chloride and ascorbic acid reduced the retention of 5 Fe by human subjects (Table IV). However, Monsen Cook (36)... 

Other factors in the diet have also been found to modify the effect of phosphorus on iron and zinc metabolism. One such factor is ascorbic acid. Peters, et al. (35) observed that when human subjects were fed a solution of iron chloride, they absorbed very little iron if ascorbic acid was not present in the solution (Table IV). In fact, if ascorbic acid was not present, absorption of iron was so low it was difficult to tell whether dietary factors, such as phosphorus, affected the absorption of iron. However, ascorbic acid may also counteract the effect of dietary phosphorus on the absorption of nonheme iron. Investigators have demonstrated that the addition of ascorbic acid to a diet counteracted the effect of the phosphoprotein in egg yolk on iron absorption (17. 18). 

The molecular absoi ption spectra, registered at a lower temperature (e.g. 700 °C for iodide or chloride of potassium or sodium), enable one to find the absorbance ratio for any pair of wavelengths in the measurement range. These ratios can be used as a correction factor for analytical signal in atomic absoi ption analysis (at atomization temperatures above 2000 °C). The proposed method was tested by determination of beforehand known silicon and iron content in potassium chloride and sodium iodide respectively. The results ai e subject to random error only. 

The reaction is a sensitive one, but is subject to a number of interferences. The solution must be free from large amounts of lead, thallium (I), copper, tin, arsenic, antimony, gold, silver, platinum, and palladium, and from elements in sufficient quantity to colour the solution, e.g. nickel. Metals giving insoluble iodides must be absent, or present in amounts not yielding a precipitate. Substances which liberate iodine from potassium iodide interfere, for example iron(III) the latter should be reduced with sulphurous acid and the excess of gas boiled off, or by a 30 per cent solution of hypophosphorous acid. Chloride ion reduces the intensity of the bismuth colour. Separation of bismuth from copper can be effected by extraction of the bismuth as dithizonate by treatment in ammoniacal potassium cyanide solution with a 0.1 per cent solution of dithizone in chloroform if lead is present, shaking of the chloroform solution of lead and bismuth dithizonates with a buffer solution of pH 3.4 results in the lead alone passing into the aqueous phase. The bismuth complex is soluble in a pentan-l-ol-ethyl acetate mixture, and this fact can be utilised for the determination in the presence of coloured ions, such as nickel, cobalt, chromium, and uranium. 

The chemistry of indium metal is the subject of current investigation, especially since the reactions induced by it can be performed in aqueous solution.15 The selective reductions of ethyl 4-nitrobenzoate (entry 1), 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol (entry 2), l-bromo-4-nitrobenzene (entry 3), 4-nitrocinnamyl alcohol (entry 4), 4-nitrobenzonitrile (entry 5), 4-nitrobenzamide (entry 6), 4-nitroanisole (entry 7), and 2-nitrofluorenone (entry 8) with indium metal in the presence of ammonium chloride using aqueous ethanol were performed and the corresponding amines were produced in good yield. These results indicate a useful selectivity in the reduction procedure. For example, ester, nitrile, bromo, amide, benzylic ketone, benzylic alcohol, aromatic ether, and unsaturated bonds remained unaffected during this transformation. Many of the previous methods produce a mixture of compounds. Other metals like zinc, tin, and iron usually require acid-catalysts for the activation process, with resultant problems of waste disposal. 

Materials acceptable for underground piping use include ductile iron, fiberglass-reinforced epoxy plastic, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, reinforced concrete, and carbon steel. Plastic pipes are not acceptable in areas subject to solvent exposure. 

Suet and lard form the body of pomades and that the quality of these latter maybe unexceptionable, the fat material must be perfectly flush, inodorous, and pure. The rendered suet being almost always more or loss deficient in those respects, it must, therefore, be subjected to a purifying process, in order to fit it for use in perfumery. This is done by melting the fat by the heat of a saline ot steam bath, in an enamelled iron vessel, and adding to it, gradually, powdered alum and chloride of sodium, in the proportion of one ounce of the former, and two ounces of the latter, to every fifty pounds of fat undsr treatment. 

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