Iran

Imported Inorganic Chemical Elements, Oxides and Halogen Salts in Iran, 2002 

Country of Origin Rank Value (000 US ) % Share Cumulative % 

Source Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com 

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By the year 2000, Iran was able to offer about 20 projects in gas and oil sector to investors. These included measures for development of sea deposits and for finishing the modernization of a number of refineries (for example, on an island Lavan). In March of 1998, Bow Valley Energy (Canada) and British Premier Oil signed a contract for 270 millions dollars for providing development of a sea oil field called Balal valued at an estimated 80 millions barrels of petroleum. But 

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It is the simplest compound containing the -N = N- chromophore, but is of no practical importance since it lacks affinity for fibres. Normally it exists in the most stable trans form, but may be converted to a less stable, bright red as form, m.p. 71 -S C by ultra-violet irradiation. Cis to irans isomerization occurs rapidly on heating. 

OL-crolonic acid. irans-crotonic acid. Colourless needles or large plates m.p. 72 "C, b.p. 180 C. Prepared by the oxidation of... 

The irans form, b.p. 143 "C, m.p. — 6 "C is of stereochemical interest since it is the smallest carbocyclic ring capable of accommodating a trans double bond. 

Covers all land eastwards to the Urals, southwards to North Africa and up to Syria, Iraq and Iran. Scale - 1 5,500,000, 4-colour artwork. Features main roads, railways, oil and gas pipelines, plus extra information including national flags, currencies and populations. 

The presence of thiophene and its derivatives in crude oils was detected in 1899, but until 1953, the date at which the methyl-thiophenes were identified in kerosene from Agha Jari, Iran crude oil, it was believed that they came from the degradation of sulfides during refining operations. Finally, their presence was no longer doubted after the identification of benzothiophenes and their derivatives (Table 8.9), and lately of naphthenobenzothiophenes in heavy cuts. 

Point B isa ina.xiiiium along the path from A to C (saddle point). I h e forces on th e atom s are also zero for th is structure. Poin t B rep-resentsa transition state for the Iran sforrn atiori of A to C. 

MP2 correlation energy calculations may increase the computational lime because a tw o-electron integral Iran sfonnalion from atomic orbitals (.40 s) to molecular orbitals (MO s) is ret]uired. HyperClicrn rnayalso need additional main memory arul/orcxtra disk space to store the two-eleetron integrals of the MO s. 

For Iran sition metals th c splittin g of th c d orbitals in a ligand field is most readily done using HHT. In all other sem i-ctn pirical meth -ods, the orbital energies depend on the electron occupation. HyperCh em s m oiccii lar orbital calcii latiori s give orbital cri ergy spacings that differ from simple crystal field theory prediction s. The total molecular wavcfunction is an antisymmetrized product of the occupied molecular orbitals. The virtual set of orbitals arc the residue of SCT calculations, in that they are deemed least suitable to describe the molecular wavefunction, ... 

The synchniiuius Iran sit mclhod is com bined with quasi-Newton niethodslo find transition slates. Quasi-.Newlon m etliods are very rohu St an d effieien t in fin din g en ergy in in ini a. Based solely on local information, there is no unique way of moving uphill from eith er rcactari ts or products to reach a specific reaction state, sin ce all direcLion s away from a minimum go uphill. 

The energies. Ip and hp of the initial and final slates of transitions in eq 11 ation s (T 78 i an d (1791are tlelerminetl by the Cl eigen values and the Iran sition tlipole moment dp is obtained by n sing the Cl eigen vectors, Lh at is. 

The acid prepared as above is the Irans isomer isocrotonic acid is produced by special methods. 

The principal ore is chromite, which is found in Zimbabwe, Russia, Transvaal, Turkey, Iran, Albania, Finland, Democratic Republic of Madagascar, and the Phillippines. The metal is usually produced by reducing the oxide with aluminum. 

In an efficient diastereo-differentiative assembly of three components of norbornene, tv. v-alkenyl iodide, and KCN, the isomerization of the cis to the trans double bond takes place to give the coupled product 224. The isomerization is explained by the formation of the cyclopropane 222. its rearrangement to give a irans double bond in 223, and trapping with CN anion to give 224[168],... 

Both cis- and irans- 1,2-dibromoethylenes react with metal acetylides, but with different reactivity. For the competitive reaction of cis- and trans- fl-dibromoethylenes with the zinc acetylide 314 shows that the irans isomer is more reactive than the cis isomer[228,229]. It was also found by a competitive reaction with the zinc acetylide 317 that the irans vinyl monobromide 315 is more reactive than the cis isomer 316[230]. 

Gum tragacanth is obtained from the large tap root and branches of a small perennial shmb found in the Middle East, especially Iran. Chemically, it is a mixture of water-insoluble polysaccharides. It is stable to heat, acidity, and aging, and is used extensively in pourable low calorie salad dressings. 

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