Iran oxide

OL-crolonic acid. irans-crotonic acid. Colourless needles or large plates m.p. 72 "C, b.p. 180 C. Prepared by the oxidation of... 

The principal ore is chromite, which is found in Zimbabwe, Russia, Transvaal, Turkey, Iran, Albania, Finland, Democratic Republic of Madagascar, and the Phillippines. The metal is usually produced by reducing the oxide with aluminum. 

Wine. The earliest known wines were made in Iran about 5400—5000 BC (25). The species of grape used is unknown and may have been either the wild grape Fitis viniferus sylvestris or a cultivated precursor of the modem wine grape V. viniferus viniferus. The source of the yeast used, and the procedures used are completely unknown. In modem times, grapes (about 21—23% sugar) are pressed the liquid must is either separated and allowed to settle for 1—2 days (for white wines) before inoculation with yeast, or the whole mass is dkectly inoculated with yeast (for red wines). In either case, while the initial fermentation takes place, the carbon dioxide formed by fermentation excludes ak and prevents oxidation. White wines are transferred to a second fermentor (racked) near the end of fermentation and kept isolated from the ak while solids, including yeast, settle out, a process that requkes about six... 

Figure 7.14 Structural similarity between a biaryl derivative and nematic phase K15, and between Irans-stilbene oxide and the nematic MBBA.

H. O. House, W. L. Respess, and G. M. Whitesides, J. Org. Chem., 31, 3128 (1966). These authors noted that iran.9-3 -pent.en- 2 -one prepared by oxidation of rans-3-penten-2-ol is often contaminated with unchanged alcohol. The submitters concur with this observation. 

Since then, these materials have been increasingly supplanted by their synthetic analogues. The latter can be produced in very pure form with extremely consistent properties. Today, natural iron oxide pigments account for only around 20% of world consumption. The main producers of natural iron oxide pigments are France, India, Cyprus, Iran, Italy and Australia (Buxbaum Printzen, 1993). 

Chromium-based oxidants, noteworthy for their specificity and ease of use, continue to be popular. Enayatollah Mottaghinejad of Azad University of Iran, Tehran has found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2004,45, 8823) that barium dichromate, easily prepared, smoothly oxidizes alcohols to aldehydes and ketones in refluxing acetonitrile. 

The rhodium complexes cis- and irans-[Rh(eda)2(N02 )X]+, where X = N02, or ON , photoreact (182) with dioxygen in aqueous solution to form monomeric [Rh(eda)2(H20)(02)]2+ and dimeric complexes. These complexes act as one-electron oxidizing agents, oxidizing 1 to I2 and Fe11 to Fe111. 

Potassium nitrate is obtainable from natural deposits in hot countries e.g. Ceylon, Egypt, Mexico, India, Iran and some areas of the U.S.S.R. It occurs there as the result of the microbiological oxidation of organic nitro compounds and of the reaction of the products with the alkaline components of the soil. On being refined by crystallization such saltpetre was (and partly still is) used for the manufacture of blackpowder. In Great Britain for instance until relatively recently the only source of potassium nitrate was saltpetre from India. 

Epoxides and aziridines are also capable of electrophilic subsitution of indoles. Indolylmagncsium bromide and cyclohexene oxide react to give 3-(irans-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)indole[14]. Reaction of indoles with epoxides also occurs in the presence of Lewis acids. For example, indole reacts with methyl 2S,3R-epoxybutanoate at C3 with inversion of configuration ] 15]. 

Cydopentene oxide and 1 -methylcyclopentene oxide yield respectively Iran - 2 -methyloyclopentanol and a mixture of cie- and Iran 1.2-dixnethylcyclopentanol (Eq. 851) on treatment with methyl-magnesium iodide. 0 - . The latter could in principle be formed either by a preliminary isomerization to 2-methyJcyolopentanone, or by direct addition to the least-substituted epoxide carbon atom. These possibilities have not, however, been distinguished until now. 

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