IP portfolios

In terms of the process, very little has been achieved. The mass transfer limitations still exist although emulsification has solved the problem partially, but not without creating another problem downstream in separation of the product from the rest of the stream and the issue still needs further work. The IP portfolio contains very few real process concepts. The patented material refers to a BDS process several times, but the process referred to, is no more than a simple description of the pH, temperature, etc., and the particular use of a given biocatalyst in an application. Some protected subject matter concerns the integration of a bioprocess into the flow sheet of the refinery, but again those are no more than theoretical scheme proposed for implementation, with no actual evidence with real feedstocks. 

In an in depth comparison of the cumulative knowledge discussed in Chapter 3, with what one could extract from the technological results reported in this Chapter, perhaps the first observation that one can make is the difference between the content of the biocatalyst development vs. process development results. The results on biocatalyst improvements constitute the majority of the open literature reports. The most important bottleneck holding advancement of the biodesulfurization technology is the ability to break the second C-S bond, releasing the sulfur from the organosulfur molecules. The IP portfolio does not provide a real solution for that problem. 

This study concentrates only on patents directly issued to Eastman Kodak, CDT, UDC, Dow Chemical, Covion, IK, and DuPont without the consideration of patent reassignments. If licensed patents are taken into account, the patent landscape of these companies will change significantly. The patents listed for each company are only a part of the IP portfolio in the OLED arena. 

Venture capital funding is normally based on excessive formal intellectual property (IP) portfolio development, which can increase costs, delay innovation and product launches in highly time-sensitive markets, as well as provide aggressive competitors with advance warning of new innovations coupled with the blueprints to copy them. 

Rhamnolipids have been commercialized by Jeneil Biosurfactant Company, which put a lot of effort into achieving administrative approval of rhamnolipid use as pesticide adjuvants and for poultry hygiene. Aurora Advanced Beauty Labs Inc. has a substantial intellectual property (IP) portfolio in the domain of rhamnolipid use for pharmaceutical applications and announced that it was introducing various cosmetic products such as antiwrinkle creams, moisturisers, beauty treatment products and skin protection ointments. 

ICE Services Group IP-1 intermodal container. (Courtesy of ICE Service Group, Inc., http //iceservicegroup. com/dt portfolio/intermodal-contamers-ip-l-strong-tight/.)... 

Leveraged global resources Members may engage an established network of researchers and shared resources in the areas of science and technology, market analyses, and outreach. The lEA HIA Portfolio includes shorter term and long-term, pre-competitive activities. In all cases, intellectual property (IP) is treated with care. 

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