Ionic compounds binary Type

Types of Chemical Formulas Ionic Compounds Binary Covalent Compounds Alkanes... 

In general, binary compounds of two nonmetals are molecular, whereas binary compounds formed by a metal and a nonmetal are ionic. Water (H20) is an example of a binary molecular compound, and sodium chloride (NaCl) is an example of a binary ionic compound. As we shall see, these two types of compounds have... 

The rule for naming compounds depends on the type of compound. For ionic compounds consisting of two elements (binary compounds), we start by naming the cation element. After the cation element is named, the stem of the anion is used with the ending ide added to the stem. 

Among binary (i.e., two-element) ionic compounds, six simple types of unit cell structures are commonly encountered, although many more exist ... 

Predicted Dependence of Structure Type on Cation/Anion Radius Ratio for Binary Ionic Compounds... 

Type II binary ionic compounds with the metal possessing more than one type of cation... 

Type I and II binary compounds are neutral, ionic compounds that contain two parts a cation and an anion. When a metal is the cation and a nonmetal is an anion, the following rules are used ... 

A Type I binary ionic compound contains a metal that forms only one type of cation. The rules for naming Type I compounds are illustrated by the following examples ... 

Before you can write a chemical formula from the name of a compound, you need to recognize what type of compound the name represents. For binary ionic compounds, the first part of the name is the name of a metallic cation. This may include a Roman numeral in parentheses. The anion name starts with the root of the name of a nonmetal and ends with -ide. 

The binary halides of the elements span a wide range of stoichiometries, stmcture types and properties which defy any but the most grossly oversimplified attempt at a unified classification. Indeed, interest in the halides as a class of compound derives in no small measure from this very diversity and from the fact that, being so numerous, there are many examples of well-developed and well-graded trends between the limiting cases. Thus the fluorides alone include OF2, one of the most volatile molecular compounds known (bp —145°), and Cap2, which is one of the least-volatile ionic compounds (bp 2513°C). Between these extremes of discrete molecules on the one hand, and 3D lattices on the other, is a continuous sequence of oligomers, polymers and extended layer lattices which may be either predominantly covalent [e.g. CIP, (MoPs)4,... 

In this section we will consider binary ionic compounds of two types based on the cations they contain. Certain metal atoms form only one cafion. For example,... 

So far we have considered binary ionic compounds (Type I) containing metals that always give the same cation. For example, sodium always forms the Na ion, calcium always forms the Ca ion, and aluminum always forms the AP+ ion. As we said previously, we can predict with certainty that each Group 1 metal will give a 1 + cation and each Group 2 metal will give a 2+ cation. And aluminum always forms Al. ... 

When a metal is present that forms more than one cation, a Roman numeral is required to specify the cation charge, just as in naming Type 11 binary ionic compounds. For example, the compound FeSO is called iron(ll) sulfate, because it contains Fe " (to balance the 2- charge on SO "). Note that to determine the charge on the iron cation, you must know that sulfate has a 2- charge. 

Formulas from Names Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)... 

In the binary ionic compounds considered earlier (Type I), the metal present forms only a single type of cation. That is, sodium forms only Na, calcium forms only Ca, and so on. However, as we will see in more detail later in the text, there are many metals that form more than one type of positive ion and thus form more than one type of ionic compound with a given anion. For example, the compound FeCl2 contains Fe ions, and the compound FeCl3 contains Fe ions. In a case such as this, the charge on the metal ion must be specified. The systematic names for these two iron compounds are iron(ll) chloride and iron(lll) chloride, respectively, where the Roman numeral indicates the charge of the cation. 

As shown in Example 2.5, when a metal ion is present that forms more than one type of cation, the charge on the metal ion must be determined by balancing the positive and negative charges of the compound. To do this you must be able to recognize the common cations and anions and know their charges (see Tables 2.3 and 2.5). The procedure for naming binary ionic compounds is summarized in Fig. 2.20. 

We can now tackle ionic compounds. In simple binary ionic compounds there are two types of spheres the cation spheres and the anion spheres. The cation spheres are almost always smaller than the anion spheres. The problem, then, is how do we pack two sets of spheres that are of different sizes and try to maximize the coordination number of each ion so that the electrostatic attractions can be maximized For many compounds the answer is relatively simple. The anions are larger and can be arranged in a closest-packed arrangement—either the AB (hexagonal) or ABC (cubic) scheme. 

In this section we will consider binary ionic compounds of two types based on the cations they contain. Certain metal atoms form only one cation. For example, the Na atom always forms Na", never Na or Na ". Likewise, Cs always forms Cs, Ca always forms Ca, and A1 always forms Al. We will call compounds that contain this type of metal atom Type I binary compounds and the cations they contain Type 1 cations. Examples of Type 1 cations are Na, Ca, Cs, and AL. ... 

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