Ion-molecule reaction mass spectrometry

Reiner, T., M. Hanke, and F. Arnold, Atmospheric Peroxy Radical Measurements by Ion Molecule Reaction-Mass Spectrometry A Novel Analytical Method Using Amplifying Chemical Conversion to Sulfuric Acid, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1311-1326 (1997). 

Wang, Y.J., Han, H.Y., Shen, C.Y, Li, J.Q., Wang, H.M., Chu,Y.N. (2009) Control of solvent use in medical devices by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry and ion molecule reaction mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 50, 252-256. 

Viidanoja J, Reiner T, Arnold F. Laboratory investigations of negative ion-molecule reactions of formic and acetic acids implications for atmospheric measurements by ion-molecule reaction mass spectrometry. Int J Mass Spectrom. 1998 181 31-41. 

Schubert H, Guntow U, Hofmann K, et al. Performance and application potentials of ion-molecule reaction mass spectrometry (IMR-MS) in the analysis of complex gas mixtures. Fresenius J Anal Chem. 1996 56 127-37. 

Wang H, Xie W, Chen M, et al. Determination of hazardous volatile oiganic compounds in the Hoffman list by ion-molecule reaction mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2012 26 1841-8. 

Homuss C, Wiepcke D, Praun S, et al. Time course of expiratory propofol after bolus injection as measured by ion-molecule reaction mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem. 

Netzer M, Millonig G, Osl M, et al. A new ensemble-based algorithm for identifying breath gas marker candidates in liver disease using ion molecule reaction mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics. 2009 25 941-7. 

Dolch ME, Homuss C, Klocke C, et al. Volatile organic compound analysis by ion-molecule reaction mass spectrometry for Gram-positive bacteria differentiation. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 31 3007-13. 

Dolch, M. E., Hornuss, C., Klocke, C. etal. (2012) Volatile compound profiling for the identification of gram-negative bacteria by ion molecule reaction-mass spectrometry. J.App. Microbiol. 113, 1097. 

M. N. Eberlin, Triple-stage pentaquadrupole (QqQqQ) mass spectrometry and ion/molecule reactions. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 16, 113-144 (1997). 

Alkali metal ion/molecule association reactions have been exploited in various mass spectrometric methods since the early 1970s. Initial studies were to determine metal ion affinities of simple compounds, with use of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometers. Alkali ions offer unique and interesting potential in analytical chemistry and studies of chemical dynamics. Consequently, the use of metal ions as reagents for Cl mass spectrometry has been developed. The major advances in the apphcation of MS as a routine analytical instmment using the complex ion/molecule chemistry came arotmd in the past decades. They include atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), ion attachment mass spectrometry (lAMS) and ion molecrtle reaction mass spectrometry (IMM-MS). 

Welling, M. Schuessler, H.A. Thompson, R.I. Walther, H. lon/Molecule Reactions, Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy in a Linear Ion Trap. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. 1998,172, 95-... 

Freiser B S 1988 Fourier transform mass spectrometry Techniques for the Study of Ion-Molecule Reactions ed J M Farrar and W H Saunders (New York Wiley-Interscience)... 

Knewstubb, P.F., Mass Spectrometry and Ion-Molecule Reactions, Cambridge University Press, London, 1969. Laeter, J.R. di. Applications of Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley, New York, 2001. 

However, because the mass spectrometer remains the most useful and for many systems the only possible tool for studying ion-molecule reactions, most of the papers describe mass spectrometric investigations. Present day mass spectrometry has acquired great versatility through the... 

The sophistication of the concepts being considered by this symposium points up the impressive advances which have been made in recent years in the understanding of ion-molecule reactions. Unfortunately, this knowledge is confined to that fraction of the scientific population which reads the current literature of mass spectrometry or radiation chemistry since writers of textbooks on kinetics have not yet discovered ion-molecule reaction kinetics as an area worthy of more than cursory mention. It is hoped that this symposium will help in some small way to remedy that situation. 

Ton-molecule reactions are of great interest and importance in all areas of kinetics where ions are involved in the chemistry of the system. Astrophysics, aeronomy, plasmas, and radiation chemistry are examples of such systems in which ion chemistry plays a dominant role. Mass spectrometry provides the technique of choice for studying ion-neutral reactions, and the phenomena of ion-molecule reactions are of great intrinsic interest to mass spectrometry. However, equal emphasis is deservedly placed on measuring reaction rates for application to other systems. Furthermore, the energy dependence of ion-molecule reaction rates is of fundamental importance in assessing the validity of current theories of ion-molecule reaction rates. Both the practical problem of deducing rate parameters valid for other systems and the desire to provide input to theoretical studies of ion-molecule reactions have served as stimuli for the present work. 

The Use of High Pressure Mass Spectrometry to Determine the Energy Dependence of Ion-Molecule Reaction Rates... 

One of the chief reasons for the recent extensive work in this field has been the recognition that ion-molecule reactions are highly relevant to radiation chemistry. The possibility that certain simple reactions, such as the formation of H3+, participate in the mechanism of product formation was appreciated much earlier 14), but wider applicability of this concept required that the generality of such reactions be demonstrated by an independent, unequivocal method. Mass spectrometry has been the predominant means of investigating ion-molecule reactions. The direct identification of reactant and product ions is appealing, at least in part, because of the conceptual simplicity of this approach. However, the neutral products of ion-molecule reactions cannot be determined directly and must be inferred. Gross chemical measurements can serve as an auxiliary technique since they allow identification of un-... 

Ion-Molecule Reactions. The list of ion-molecule reactions observed by mass spectrometry is highly impressive at this time we can easily count several hundred. Most of these were observed at relatively low pressures and in the presence of a draw-out or pusher field in the ionization chamber. Using this information to account for the radiation chemical product distribution requires one to recognize its restrictions to this use. 

Cl is an efficient, and relatively mild, method of ionization which takes place at a relatively high pressure, when compared to other methods of ionization used in mass spectrometry. The kinetics of the ion-molecule reactions involved would suggest that ultimate sensitivity should be obtained when ionization takes place at atmospheric pressure. It is not possible, however, to use the conventional source of electrons, a heated metallic filament, to effect the initial ionization of a reagent gas at such pressures, and an alternative, such as Ni, a emitter, or a corona discharge, must be employed. The corona discharge is used in commercially available APCI systems as it gives greater sensitivity and is less hazardous than the alternative. 

The first systematic measurements of the reactions of ions with molecules in the gas phase were initiated largely by workers associated with analytical mass spectrometry.4-6 It was the rapidly expanding area of ion-molecule reactions which led to the origin of Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry as a distinct field.7 The discovery that ion-molecule equilibria in the gas phase can be determined by mass spectrometric techniques8 led to an explosion of thermochemical measurements based on determination of equilibria by a variety of techniques.9 Significantly, for the first time, information could be obtained on the thermochemistry of reactions which had solution counterparts of paramount importance such as acidities and basicities. These were obtained from proton transfer equilibria such as,... 

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