Ion/ionic liquid

Keywords metals metal ions heavy elements solution salvation speciation solubility s-elements p-elements d-elements f-elements complex ions ionic liquids... 

Ionic liquid ions Ionic liquid phase F Functionality... 

During the last decade, ionic liquids have been transformed from poorly understood materials to the focus of many research activities, both in academic research and industrial applications A huge interest in using ionic liquids as an alternative medium for CO2 capture has become apparent because of its potential advantages compared to other conventional solvents, such as MEA There are many ways in which an ionic liquid can be defined, and perhaps the most widely accepted definition is, A material that is composed solely of ions . Ionic liquids are a very versatile class of solvents, due to their unique characteristics, such as the ability to manipulate and tune their physicochemical properties through cation or anion selection, non-volatility under ambient conditions, high thermal stability, as well as high CO2 solubility, may overcome many of the problems associated with current C02-removal techniques It is also very important to note that ionic liquids are not solutions of ions in water, or other solvents. 

Lovelock KRJ, Armstnmg JP, Licaice P, Jones RG (2014) Vaporisation and thermal decomposition of diaUtylimidazolium halide ion ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 16 1339-1353... 

Guerfi A, Dontigny M, Kobayashi Y, Vijh A, Zaghib K (2009) Investigations on some electrochemical aspects of lithium-ion ionic liquid/gel polymer battery systems. J Solid State Electrochem 13(7) 1003-1014. doi 10.1007/sl0008-008-0697-x... 

USING OF ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE IONIC LIQUIDS SOLUBILITY... 

Ion exchange resin synthesis paths for the preparation of ionic liquids (adapted from... 

In this context it is important to note that the detection of this land of alkali cation impurity in ionic liquids is not easy with traditional methods for reaction monitoring in ionic liquid synthesis (such as conventional NMR spectroscopy). More specialized procedures are required to quantify the amount of alkali ions in the ionic liquid or the quantitative ratio of organic cation to anion. Quantitative ion chromatography is probably the most powerful tool for this kind of quality analysis. 

In the meantime, we believe that the best prediction of the toxicity of an ionic liquid of type [cation] [anion] can be derived from the often well known toxicity data for the salts [cation]Cl and Na[anion]. Since almost all chemistry in nature takes place in aqueous media, the ions of the ionic liquid can be assumed to be present in dissociated form. Therefore, a reliable prediction of ionic liquids HSE data should be possible from a combination of the loiown effects of the alkali metal and chloride salts. Already from these, very preliminary, studies, it is clear that HSE considerations will be an important criterion in selection and exclusion of specific ionic liquid candidates for future large-scale, technical applications. 

Scheme 2.2-1 Typical ions making up ionic liquids, ordered according to their...

The incorporation of functionality into an ion slated for use in formulation of an ionic liquid is a usually a multi-step process. Consequently, a number of issues must be considered in planning the synthesis of the ion. The first of these is the choice of the cationic core. The core of a TSIL cation may be as simple as a single... 

While certain TSILs have been developed to pull metals into the IL phase, others have been developed to keep metals in an IL phase. The use of metal complexes dissolved in IL for catalytic reactions has been one of the most fruitful areas of IL research to date. LLowever, these systems still have a tendency to leach dissolved catalyst into the co-solvents used to extract the product of the reaction from the ionic liquid. Consequently, Wasserscheid et al. have pioneered the use of TSILs based upon the dissolution into a conventional IL of metal complexes that incorporate charged phosphine ligands in their stmctures [16-18]. These metal complex ions become an integral part of the ionic medium, and remain there when the reaction products arising from their use are extracted into a co-solvent. Certain of the charged phosphine ions that form the basis of this chemistry (e.g., P(m-C6H4S03 Na )3) are commercially available, while others may be prepared by established phosphine synthetic procedures. 

J. H. Davis, Jr., Working Salts Syntheses and Uses of Ionic Liquids Containing Functionalised Ions,"... 

The dominant force in ionic liquids is Coulombic attraction between ions. The Coulombic attraction term is given by Equation (3.1-2) ... 

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