Ion exchanger filters

Flow through granular and packed beds occurs in reactors with solid catalysts, adsorbers, ion exchangers, filters, and mass transfer equipment. The particles may be more or less rounded or may be shaped into rings, saddles, or other structures that provide a desirable ratio of surface and void volume. 

Lead can be removed from tap water by installing ion-exchange filters, reverse-osmosis devices, and distillation units. 

FPG-type deep cartridge filtering elements of 20 pm and 5 pm filtering capacity are used in microfilters. Element ERU-100-1016 (filtering capacity 10 nm) at a pressure < 0.3 MPa is used in ultrafilters in reverse-osmosis filters element ERO-KM-100-1016 (selectivity for NaCl 95-99%) at a pressure <7.0 MPa is used. Ion-exchange filters are... 

Fig. 13. Ventilation system of an ion exchanger filter 1 — air intake 2 — ion exchanger filter 3 — ventilator 4 — outlet tube A — a scheme of purified air flow in the ion exchanger filter...

Fig. 3.67. A scheme of an ion exchanger filter. 1 — water supply, 2 — water distribution system, 3 — ionex packing, 4 — support layer, 5 — filtration bottom, 6 — discharge of treated water, 7 — handling hole... 

Fig. 3.68. Arrangement of ionex filters for water demineralization. 1 — ionex filter with cation exchanger, 2 — venting tower, 3 — ionex filter with a packing of a weakly alkaline anion exchanger, 4 — ion exchanger filter with a packing of a strongly alkaline anion...

It seems quite convenient to purify the feed water in an ion exchange filter as is done in the water stills manufactured by Heraeus-Quarzschmelze GmbH of Hanau,... 

Charge differences between ligand and binding protein (ion exchange filter)... 

Polymerases are serially diluted in appropriate storage buffers and 1 p,l of each enzyme dilution is added to 10-[xl aliquots of polymerase cocktail. Polymerization reactions are conducted in duplicate or triplicate for 30 min at optimal temperature. The extension reactions are quenched on ice, and then 5- xl aliquots are spotted immediately onto DE81 ion-exchange filters (2.3 cm Whatman, Clifton, NJ). Unincorporated [ H]TTP is removed by six washes with 2x SCC (0.3 M NaCl, 30 mM sodium citrate, pH 7.0), followed by a brief wash with 100% ethanol. Incorporated radioactivity is measured by scintillation counting. 

The test coupon racks were suspended in the IR-8 reactor spent fuel storage basin water. The reactor pool water was purified with a purification system consisting of mechanical and ion exchange filters. The volume of the storage basin water was approximately 30 m. The water was continuously circulated at a flow rate of about 10 L/min in the vicinity of the test racks. The... 

Storage basin was connected to the reactor pool, where the water was continuously purified using a system consisting of mechanical and ion exchange filters (with mixed bed type resins). 

In a nuclear power station, there are several ion-exchange systems for water clean-up. In a typical BWR there are purification circuits after the steam condenser, in a small stream from the reactor vessel and for the water in the fuel storage pool. In a pressurized water reactor (PWR), part of the coolant in the primary circuit is withdrawn, cooled, and pumped through an ion-exchange filter. As indicated by the word filter, these ion exchangers are also used to remove particles from the liquids. They often consist of mixed cation and anion exchangers that are very finely ground bead sizes of 400 mesh are common. 

The condenser is cooled by the circulating water system which typically incorporates three electrically driven pumps loss of one pump will call for a power reduction, but will not yield a turbine trip in the short term. The condensate is pumped forward to the dearator (or the feedwater tank) through low pressure heaters and a condensate cleanup system with ion exchange filters by means of three 50% condensate pumps. The drmnage from the heaters is pumped forward through the cleanup system by means of a dedicated low pressure drain pump. 

The moderate power density of the core allowed the designers to reduce the content of boric acid in the coolant compared to WER, to dispense with operational control of boric acid concentration at start up and shut down and for power manoeuvres. Slow compensation of reactivity for fuel bumup is provided by ion-exchange filters operating in the leak-tight closed purification and reactivity control system. 

To ensure the water quality of the primary and secondary circuit water, a purification system is deployed. In the primary circuit the system consists of pumps and ion-exchange filters. The maximum temperature of the water intended for purification is up to 80°C. The secondary circuit does not have a permanently acting purification system. Once every half year, partial replacement of the secondary circuit water is performed. The water is replaced by makeup water from the fresh water storage tanks. Contaminated water from the secondary circuit is later forwarded through the evaporator to tanks as pure condensate. 

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