Ion chromatography spectrophotometry

Drinking water, groundwater and water effluents (chromium(VI)) Buffer solution introduced into ion chrom. Derivitized with dipenylcarbazide Ion chromatography spectrophotometry at 530 mm 0.3 pg/L 100% at 100 pg/L EPA 1996a (Method 7199)... 

Separation and detection methods Ion chromatography is routinely used for the isolation of bromate. Diverse detection methods are mentioned in the literature, including isotope dilution analysis (Creed and Brockhoff 1999), conductivity measurement (Jackson et al. 1998), fluorimetric determination (Gahr et al. 1998), ICP-MS (Seubert and Nowak 1998) and spectrophotometry (Achilii and Romele 1999),... 

Thiocyanate Urine Ion chromatography using weakly basic resin acidification of eluate with HCI addition of Spectrophotometry 2.5 pmol/L (lowest reported) No data Tominaga and Midio 1991... 

Determination of 63 cations by HR-ICPMS was done on filtered/acidified samples by Activation Laboratories Ltd., using a Finnegan Mat ELEMENT 2 instrument. Anions were determined by ion chromatography and Fe " and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by spectrophotometry in USGS labs. 

Elemental composition, A1 10.11% and Br 89.89% A1 analyzed by AA spectrophotometry or colorimetric methods Br analyzed by iodometric titration or ion chromatography and then calculated stoichiometrically solid may be dissolved in an organic solvent and determined by GC/MS, identified by mass ions (AlBr3 )n where n is 2, 4 and 6. 

The compound is cautiously dissolved in nitric acid and the solution is appropriately diluted for the analysis of antimony by AA spectrophotometry or ICP emission spectrophotometry and fluoride ion is determined by ion—selective electrode or ion chromatography. 

Elemental composition Cd 41.29%, Br 58.71%. The salt is dissolved in water and the aqueous solution is analyzed hy AA or ICP spectrophotometry. The bromide anion in the aqueous solution may he measured hy ion chromatography. Appropriate dilution may be needed for analysis... 

Elemental composition Cd 30.69%, I 69.31%. A small amount of salt is weighed accurately, dissolved in water, appropriately diluted, and analyzed by AA or ICP spectrophotometry. Iodide anion at similar trace concentrations may be analyzed by ion chromatography. 1 anion may be identified by adding a few drops of 6MHNO3 to a few drops of the aqueous solution of the salt, followed by the addition of ImL 0.1 MFeCls solution and ImL methylene chloride. A purple or pink bottom layer after shaking indicates the presence of iodide. 

Elemental composition Cd 53.92%, 0 30.70%, S 15.38%. CdS04 is dissolved in water and cadmium is analysed by atomic absorption or emission spectrophotometry, following appropriate dilution (see Cadmium). Sulfate ion in the solution may be determined by ion-chromatography or by gravimetry following treatment with barium chloride solution. 

Elemental compostion Ce 25.56%, H 1.47%, N 20.44%, 0 52.53%. The aqueous solution of the compound may be analyzed for Ce by AA or ICP spectrophotometry. Also, the solution may be measured for NH4 ion by ammonium ion-selective electrode and the NO3 ion by nitrate ion-specific electrode, ion chromatography or cadmium-reduction colorimetry. For all these measurements, the solution may require sufficient dilutions. For quantitation, its solution may be standardized by titration with a reducing agent such as sodium oxalate in the presence of iron and ferroin indicator. 

Elemental composition Ce 42.96%, N 12.88%, O 44.15%. The aqueous solution of this water-soluble compound may be analyzed directly for Ce (without any acid digestion) by AA or ICP spectrophotometry, and for the nitrate ion by ion chromatography or nitrate ion-selective electrode. The solution may require sufficient dilution for analysis. 

Elemental composition Co 60.80%, F 39.20%. Cobalt(II) fluoride is dissolved in hot nitric acid, the solution is appropriately diluted with water and analyzed for cobalt by AA or ICP spectrophotometry (see Cohalt). A small amount of salt dissolved in cold water (hot water may partially decompose forming oxyfluoride, C0F2 CoO H2O) may he analyzed for fluoride ion by fluoride ion-selective electrode or ion chromatography. 

Elemental composition Au 64.94%, Cl 35.06%. The aqueous solution may be analyzed for gold by AA spectrophotometry (see Gold). Chloride ion may be determined by chloride ion-selective electrode or ion chromatography. The solution must be diluted sufficiently for these measurements. Colorimetric methods are not suitable because the solution itself is colored. 

Elemental composition Li 26.75%, F 73.25%. An aqueous solution prepared by dissolving 100 mg in a liter of water may be analyzed for lithium by AA or ICP spectrophotometry and for fluoride by ion chromatography or by using a fluoride ion selective electrode. 

The concentration of fluoride in water can usually be determined directly without pre-treatment. Among the numerous published analytical techniques, potentiome-try with fluoride ISE, ion chromatography, and spectrophotometry are commonly used. If the amount of fluoride present in water is very low, pre-concentration may be required. 

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have been applied to the determination of zinc, as discussed under Multi-Metal Analysis of Soils in Sects. 2.55 (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry) and 2.55 (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). Other techniques include atomic absorption spectrometry (Sect. 2.55), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (Sect. 2.55), electron probe microanalysis (Sect. 2.55), photon activation analysis (Sect. 2.55), emission spectrometry (Sect. 2.55), neutron activation analysis (Sect. 2.55), spectrophotometry (Sect. 2.55) and ion chromatography (Sect. 2.55). 

Techniques used to determine nitrates in soils include titration [17], spectrophotometry [18-26,29-31], flow injection analysis [20,21], ion selective electrodes [27,28], and ion chromatography [28,31-44],... 

In addition, some metals may be determined by other methods, including ion-selective electrode, ion chromatography, electrophoresis, neutron activation analysis, redox titration, and gravimetry. Atomic absorption or emission spectrophotometry is the method of choice, because it is rapid, convenient, and gives the low detection levels as required in the environmental analysis. Although colorimetry methods can give accurate results, they are time consuming and a detection limit below 10 pg/L is difficult to achieve for most metals. 

Metals Extraction, derivatization, concentration, speciation UV-VIS molecular absorption spectrophotometry, ion chromatography... 

At the heart of the ion chromatography system is an analytical column containing an ion exchange resin on which various anions (and/or cations) are separated before being detected and quantified by various detection techniques, such as spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrometry (metals) or conductivity (anions). 

A1 As Be Co, Mo, V Cu, Pb cio2 Ge Pb trace metals U, Th, Po, Ra Organic compounds in water include the following (122) spectrofluorometric, neutron activation hplc coupled to icp / aes AAS icp / aes potentiometric ion chromatography preconcentration reaction followed by spectrophotometry preconcentrated as various complexes OC-spectroscopy and liquid scintillation... 

The ionic pairing reagent necessarily introduces a counterion into the system. This ion preferably should be different from any of the sample ions to be determined. Some of the most useful separations are of organic ions or ionic inorganic complexes. The separation of eight metal cyanide complexes in Fig. 9.5 would be difficult to accomplish by conventional ion chromatography. Detection in this case was by direct spectrophotometry at 214 nm. 

It is necessary, however, to use other methods, such as atomic absorption, inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrophotometry, and ion chromatography to determine the composition of the salts present. A method involving application of extraction and volumetric titration is also used (IP 77). 

Chemical identification infrared spectrum (Ferslew et al, 1986 Shreenivasan and Boese, 1970) UV spectrophotometry (Ferslew et al., 1986) gas chromatography, flame ionization (Zerba and Ruveda, 1972) isothermal gas chromatography (Jane and Wheals, 1972) ion mobility spectrophotometry in the negative-ion acquisition mode (Allinson and McLeod, 1997a,b Allinson et al., 1998) NMR spectra (Ferslew et al., 1986 Mesilaakso, 1996). 

Standard methods [2] used for the determination total phosphorus include several methods. Orthophosphates (PO and associated forms) are determined by colorimetry, ion chromatography or spectrophotometry (UV-visible). Acid hydrolysis allows the transformation of polyphosphates in orthophosphates, which are measured by one of the mentioned methods. Finally, a chemical digestion, followed by the determination of... 

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