Iodide effect

Iodotrimethylsilane generated in situ from chlorotrimetylsilane and sodium iodide effects the reduction of nitroalkenes into ketones at 0 °C. This method is useful for the conversion of nitro steroids or nitro terpenoids to the corresponding ketones (Eq. 6.24).43... 

Mackowiak CL, Grossl PR. 1999. lodate and iodide effects on iodine uptake and partitioning in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in solution culture. Plant and Soil 212 135-143. 

Iodide effects are complex and related to dose and to thyroid status of the subject. 

Potassium iodide in doses of 60 mg orally 8-hourly (longer intervals allow some escape from the iodide effect) produces some effect in 1-2 days, maximal after 10-14 days, after which the benefit declines as the thyroid adapts. A similar dose is used for 3 days to cover administration of some 131- or 123-Iodine containing isotopes, for instance metaiodobenzyl-guanidine (MIBG) (see p. 492). 

Table 7. Hydrogenation of DMA ture [20] imine with [Ir(cod)Cl]2- iodide. Effect of diphosphine struc- ...

Strong iodide effects were also observed for the hydrogenation of J -benzyl-N-(l-methylbenzylidene)amine and of the cyclic imine 5 with [Ir(cod)Cl2] and diop and bppm (and analogs thereof) as ligands. In the presence of n-Bu Nl and Bilj as promoters and an s/c ratio of 200, complete conversion were achieved for both substrates with ees up to 91% for imine 5 [30]. 

Iodide Effects on the Thyroid Biochemical, Physiological, Pharmacological, and Clinical Effects of Iodide in the Thyroid... 

Rat thyroid cell lines have been much in use. They have also lost all structural aspects and functions of the thyroid except transport. In spite of differences in signal transduction, they are useful to study the effects of hormones, oncogenes, specific proteins by siRNA technology, and so on, provided they are validated for the metabolism studied. PCC13 cell line is considered as the choice material (Kimura et al., 2001). Some iodide effects have been observed at very high iodide concentrations (lOmM), but as explained above they are not considered here. It is interesting to note that when reconstituted as follicles in vivo after transplantation, the same cells are 200 times more sensitive to iodide (Aeschimann et al., 1994). In this review, we only consider the effects observed with suitable models at iodide concentrations comparable to those obtained in vivo. 

A number of iodide effects satisfy the criteria of the XI model, i.e., the relief of the effect by drugs blocking... 

Thus, there are good arguments to consider 2-IHDA as the mediator of iodide effects on cAMP accumulation and H2O2 generation and the Wolff-Ghaikoff effects, but the question of the possible roles of iodolactone and 2-IHDA in other iodide effects remains open. 

The range over which iodide concentrations vary in vivo, as well as the spectrum of iodide effects, is very large. Although no detailed study has been made of the concentration or dose-effect relationships of the various actions of iodide in one system in vivo, we can propose a qualitative explanatory scheme. With normal European diets, the extracellular iodide concentration would be around... 

Two iodolipids have been identified as candidates for XI iodolactones which act on the thyroid but may not be synthesized in the gland, and 2-IHDA which is found in the thyroid and may account for some iodide effects including the Wolff-Chaikoff effect. 

Such iodide effect has been observed in Rh-catalyzed carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid (Monsanto process), where iodide is invoked to hicilitate several key steps. See Maitlis, P.M., Haynes, A, James, B.R., Catellani, M, and Chiusoli, G.P. (2004) Dalton Trans., 3409. 

The Lu group demonstrated the Pd-catalyzed arylation of naphthalene using aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric AgOCOCF (Scheme 24.10) [14]. Electronically diverse aryl iodides effectively participate in these reactions to afford the corresponding products in good yields. The a-isomCT is the major product in aU cases regardless of the electronic nature of the aryl iodides. The Pd " pathway is proposed to be operative under these reaction conditions, primarily because Pd" catalysts do not afford the desired biaryl products in the absence of the AgOCOCF. ... 

Similarly, new reagents have been reported for the dehydration of aldoximes to nitriles. Thus, sulphuryl chloride fluoride, triphenylphosphine under controlled potential electrolysis, and phosphorus tri-iodide effect this transformation under mild conditions. The latter reagent, like diphosphorus tetraiodide (c/. Vol. 4, p. 179), also effects the conversion of primary aliphatic nitro-compounds into nitriles, as does sodium hypochlorite under phase-transfer catalysis and... 

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