Investment theory

Jensen Are there empirical studies that have demonstrated this investment theory that you re talking about ... 

The present results are consistent with both animal and human research showing that female selection of male mates is influenced by body odor (Eklund et al., 1992 Wedekind et al., 1995). Phrased in the language of evolutionary mechanisms and parental investment theory, the Sensory Stimuli and Sexuality Survey suggests that sensory information about mates presumed to be indicative of offspring viability related to immune genetics (i.e., olfaction) is especially important for female heterosexual responses. For males information pertaining to female fecundity (as indicated by physical attractiveness attributes that can be seen) and offspring viability potential (olfaction) are most important in mate selection Olfaction, however, is less involved in sexual arousal for males than it is for females. 

Parental investment theory (Trivers, 1972) predicts that a female should maintain or improve her egg recognition and maternal drive throughout the brooding period. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of temporal isolation on the ability of females to recognize their eggs, as well as to determine if egg recognition varies over the course of the brooding season (Forester et al., 1983). 

Over time, regardless of an entity s purpose, survival requires that revenues exceed expenses. For the entity that is to make a profit, economic investment theory prevails. 

There is considerable scholarly speculation on ancient precursors of copyright. However, no significant copyright protection existed in theory or practice until the development of the printing press, a means of mass dupHcation of creative work. The law did not need a coherent protective stmcture for written and graphic works when the only means of copying them, by hand, was so labor-intensive as to requite an investment potentially far in excess of the worth of the copy. 

A wide variety of size-reduction equipment is available. The chief reasons for lack of standardization are the variety of products to be ground and product quahties demanded, the limited amount of useful grinding theory, and the requirements by different industries in the economic balance between investment cost and operating cost. Some differences exist for the sake of difference sometimes similarities are advertised as differences [Rumpf, Chem. Jng. Tech., 37(3), 187-202 (1965)]. 

Regardless of whether most of the groundwork is developed by employees or contractors, effective PSM initiatives are company-driven, not imposed from outside the company. Effective implementation relies on a sense of investment among the people who ultimately will put theory into practice. 

Putting the PSM systems you have developed into actual practice provides the trae test of all your work to date. If you have "front-loaded" the development by devoting careful attention to detailed planning, you have helped close the gap between theory and practice. To maximize the value of that upfront investment, it s wise to devote the same care to initial installation. 

Decision Theory Formalism in the Behavioral Sciences.46—A formal method for examining decisions is developed through the use of a utility matrix [ tj] similar to the payoff matrix of game theory. In this matrix the rows correspond to the various possible acts of a decision-maker (e.g., to invest money in enterprises AltA2, -, Am) and the columns to various states, i.e., circumstances (e.g., possible levels of development of each enterprise) under which the acts are performed. The element y gives the utility (return or value) for using act At when state sf prevails. 

The development of models incorporating biomarker assays to predict the effects of chemicals upon parameters related to r has obvious attractions from a scientific point of view and is preferable, in theory, to the crude use of ecotoxicity data currently employed in procedures for environmental risk assessment. However, the development of this approach would involve considerable investment in research, and might prove too complex and costly to be widely employed in environmental risk assessment. 

Some representative results can be found in Table 2.2. For the G2-1 set of electron affinities, W1 theory has a mean absolute error of 0.016 eV [26]. Not unexpectedly - given the slow basis set convergence of electron affinities - the extra effort invested in W2 theory pays off with a further reduction of the mean absolute error to 0.012 eV. Accuracy appears to be limited principally by imperfections in the CCSD(T) method for the atoms B-F and Al-Cl, using even larger basis sets we achieve 0.009 eV at the CCSD(T) level, which decreases to 0.001 eV if approximate full Cl energies are used. 

Considering the different calculated values for an individual complex in Table 11, it seems appropriate to comment on the accuracy achievable within the Hartree-Fock approximation, with respect to both the limitations inherent in the theory itself and also to the expense one is willing to invest into basis sets. Clearly the Hartree-Fock-Roothaan expectation values have a uniquely defined meaning only as long as a complete set of basis functions is used. In practice, however, one is forced to truncate the expansion of the wave function at a point demanded by the computing facilities available. Some sources of error introduced thereby, namely ghost effects and the inaccurate description of ligand properties, have already been discussed in Chapter II. Here we concentrate on the... 

It is important to understand the quantitative theory of rNPV, because it provides insight into the elements that contribute to a positive investment decision. In the case of biotech, two components of a technology strategy usually overshadow all other variables, the sales potential and the risk of failure. 

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