Inverted siphon

Systems that are exposed to excessive turbulence of anaerobic wastewater and a potential increased release of hydrogen sulfide. Systems with a risk for increased turbulence are inlet structures, drops, cascades, sharp bends and inverted siphons. As an example, changes in the flow regime from a pressure pipe into a gravity sewer may give rise to the release of hydrogen sulfide. Corrosion of the sewer pipe wall is often pronounced near the daily water... 

For mobile liquids with high extensional viscosities, it is possible to perform the inverted siphon experiment, where the spinnable liquid is sucked out of a surface and the tube drawn up to a suitable height, see figme 29. This is the ultimate demonstration of tension along the streamlines and non-breaking of liquid threads ... 

A 1-1. three-necked flask is equipped with a mercury-sealed stirrer, an inlet tube, and a reflux condenser which is connected through a soda-lime tube to a gas-absorption trap.1 The apparatus is dried in an oven and assembled rapidly to exclude moisture it is advisable to set up the apparatus in a hood to vent ammonia which may escape by accident. The flask is cooled in a Dry Ice-trichloroethylene bath, and 200 ml. of anhydrous (refrigeration grade) ammonia is introduced through the inlet tube from an ammonia cylinder which is either inverted or equipped with a siphon tube. Just before the apparatus is assembled, 8.1 g. (0.35 gram atom) of sodium is cut, weighed, and kept under kerosene in a small beaker. The Dry Ice bath is removed, the inlet tube is replaced by a rubber stopper, and a crystal of hydrated ferric nitrate (about 0.2 g.) is added. A small (about 5-mm.) cube of the sodium is cut, blotted rapidly with filter paper, and added quickly to the liquid ammonia. The solution is stirred until the blue color disappears, after which the remainder of the sodium is added in narrow, thin strips about as rapidly as... 

He was sitting at the far side of the desk, bareheaded, rule in one hand, pen in the other. In front of him was a glass vessel inverted over a dish of water and quarter full of what looked like coal, with an unlit candle on a platform above and a siphon running into it, presumably so that he could measure and test the expelled air. Near me was the chair he kept for visitors. 

The flushing action of the toilet commences when the bowl is filled from a reservoir until the water level tops the inverted-U-shaped trap and starts to spill over the other side. Once water starts to flow over the side of the trap, it pulls the rest of the water with it, as a chain would pull the links that are attached to it down to a lower level. With water, intermolecular attractions form the chain that pulls the water molecules one after another. This siphoning action has to initiate quickly so that water will surge over the trap and make a moving seal. 

Fig. 10 in Figure 201 shows an apparatus for measurement of the gas (CO2) released when minium (red-lead or litharge, PbjO ) mixed with charcoal is heated in a furnace. Glass retorts were attacked by this chemical mixture, so Lavoisier fabricated an iron retort (Fig. 12). The tall inverted hell jar nNoo sits in a wooden or iron trough filled with water. A siphon inserted at n raises the water to YY. Alternatively, hand-pump P can connected using siphon EBCD (Fig. 11) and used to raise the column fairly high. The top of the water in jar nNoo is coated with a thin layer of oil. This is another way to collect a water-soluhle gas such as CO2 rather than by using mercury. To the right in Fig. 10 we see an apparatus for transfer of the gas collected in jar N to glass bottle Q. This important experiment demonstrated the release of an aerial fluid upon heating red-lead.

Another apparatus for continuous extraction consists of three inverted 250 ml volumetric flasks. A vibratory mixer is used for vigorous shaking of all three flasks. A 101 sample can be siphoned through the apparatus in 4h and extracted, with a total solvent volume of 10 ml.The advantage is that no concentration step is involved. 

Deshun F. and Wakeman R.J., 2004. Inverting filter centrifuges - adding a siphon effect and an improved cloth inversion mechanism. Filtration, 4(1), 39-43. 

There are two kinds of liquefied carbon dioxide cylinders in commercial use the standard type and the siphon type. The standard cylinder, in an upright position, discharges gas inverted, it discharges liquid. The valve on the siphon cylinder is equipped with an eductor tube, also known as a dip tube, extending to the bottom of the cylinder. It discharges liquid when the cylinder is in the upright position. With the exception of fire extinguisher cylinders, all siphon-type cylin-... 

Figure 29 Cross-section of the inverted (tube-less) siphon.

Amounts of mercury less than 50 mg—Invert the receiver, and fix it in the neck of a flask by means of a cork that has a second hole through which a glass tube passes so that suction may be applied. Wash with acetone until free from tarry matter. (Slight suction is necessary to draw liquid through at first it then percolates through by siphon action.) Wash the receiver thoroughly with water to remove acetone. 

---