Intrinsic viscosity related

Generalized Intrinsic Viscosity Relations for Copolymers and Higher Multispecies Polymers... 

In summarizing the intrinsic viscosity relations presented in this section, it must be admitted that they represent nothing more than rather small semi-empirical refinements of the Flory excluded volume theory and the Flory-Fox viscosity theory. For a large fraction of the existing body of experimental data, they offer merely a slight improvement in curve-fitting. But for polymers in good solvents it is believed that a more transcendental result has been achieved. The new equations permit more reliable assessment of unperturbed chain dimensions in such cases, and in some instances (e. g., certain cellulose derivatives see Section III B) they offer possible explanations of heretofore paradoxical solution behavior. 

One needs, however, the intrinsic viscosity relation parameters for both PS as well as the polymer i under consideration for the given solvent, say THF, and the gel particle under consideration. This procedure works because of the following reason. We have observed the following in relations (3.3.90e-g) ... 

The Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation relates tire intrinsic viscosity to tire polymer weight ... 

At first glance, the contents of Chap. 9 read like a catchall for unrelated topics. In it we examine the intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions, the diffusion coefficient, the sedimentation coefficient, sedimentation equilibrium, and gel permeation chromatography. While all of these techniques can be related in one way or another to the molecular weight of the polymer, the more fundamental unifying principle which connects these topics is their common dependence on the spatial extension of the molecules. The radius of gyration is the parameter of interest in this context, and the intrinsic viscosity in particular can be interpreted to give a value for this important quantity. The experimental techniques discussed in Chap. 9 have been used extensively in the study of biopolymers. 

Both the intrinsic viscosity and GPC behavior of random coils are related to the radius of gyration as the appropriate size parameter. We shall see how the radius of gyration can be determined from solution viscosity data for these... 

Experiments based on the Poiseuille equation make intrinsic viscosity an easily measured parameter to characterize a polymer. In the next section we consider how this property can be related to the molecular weight of a polymer. 

Itaconic acid, anhydride, and mono- and diesters undergo vinyl polymerization. Rates of polymerization and intrinsic viscosities of the resulting homopolymers ate lower than those of the related acrylates (see Acrylic ester polymers) (8,9). 

Molecular Weight. The molecular weight of polypropylene is typically determined by viscosity measurements. The intrinsic viscosity [Tj] of the polymer in solution is related to the molecular weight, Af, by the Matk-Houwink equation ... 

To use universal calibration, intrinsic viscosity must be measured. An online, DV detector can measure specific viscosity, 7j,p, which is related to intrinsic viscosity by the expression... 

Yet as long ago as 1966 the problem of calibration in GPC was solved. In that year, Benoit and his co-workers recognised that GPC separates on the basis of the hydrodynamic volume of the polymer molecules in solution. The intrinsic viscosity [rj] is related to the hydrodynamic volume, V, by the equation ... 

There are two molecular contributions to the intrinsic viscosity one from shape, the other from size or volume, as summarized by the relation... 

Solution viscosity is empirically related to molecular weight for linear polymers. Intrinsic viscosity ([17]) is (risp/Qc-a< where is (rj, - 1) and C is a concentration of the polymer in solution. The quantity Vr represents J7/170, where rj and tjq are the viscosity of the polymer solution and pure solvent, respectively. Inherent viscosity (T i h) is ln(VQ-... 

The Mark-Houwink parameters allow to relate the intrinsic viscosity [q] with the viscometric average molecular weight Mv through the relation ... 

It is now admitted that the intrinsic viscosity in monovalent electrolyte (concentration Cs) is given by the folloving relation ... 

INTRINSIC VISCOSITIES IN RELATION TO MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF HIGH POLYMERS... 

In the present chapter we shall be concerned with quantitative treatment of the swelling action of the solvent on the polymer molecule in infinitely dilute solution, and in particular with the factor a by which the linear dimensions of the molecule are altered as a consequence thereof. The frictional characteristics of polymer molecules in dilute solution, as manifested in solution viscosities, sedimentation velocities, and diffusion rates, depend directly on the size of the molecular domain. Hence these properties are intimately related to the molecular configuration, including the factor a. It is for this reason that treatment of intramolecular thermodynamic interaction has been reserved for the present chapter, where it may be presented in conjunction with the discussion of intrinsic viscosity and related subjects. 

Parameter relating the intrinsic viscosity to the molecular dimension /r2 (Chaps. VII and XIV). 

B. Direct SEC-[n] Calibration. Because the SEC separation process is directly related to the size of the solvated molecules, and for a homopolymer series the molecular size is directly related to MW as well as [n]/ it is not necessary to proceed through MW calculations to study polymer intrinsic viscosity. Since... 

However, the quantity which is frequently discussed and related to specific branching models is the ratio of intrinsic viscosities at constant molecular weight )... 

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