Intravenous infusions plastic containers

The commercially available injection for intravenous infusion that contains 2 mg/mL in 5% dextrose is provided in a plastic container fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Tammilehto et al. used thin-layer chromatography to study the degradation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride solutions after these were irradiated by a high pressure mercury lamp [6]. 

Chlormethiazole Edisylate Chlormethiazole edisylate may penetrate or be adsorbed onto plastics and may soften plastic sets of intravenous infusions. Adverse reactions such as thrombophlebitis, fever, and headache were reported in children receiving infusions of this drug, presumably due to reaction of components of infusions sets. For intravenous infusions, the use of Teflon intravenous cannulas or motor-driven glass syringes may be preferred over plastic or glass sets containing silastic cannulae.153154... 

Another approach to the problem of providing an intravenous drug additive service is to add the drug to a small volume (50-100 ml) infusion in a collapsible plastic container and store the prepara-... 

Plastic containers are also widely used for packaging parenteral products, such as intravenous (IV) infusion fluid containers, irrigation fluid containers, prefilled disposable syringes, and some administration sets. Polymeric containers have an added advantage of low breakage and are preferred when the SVP product is a highly toxic material such as oncolytic drugs. Typical polymeric... 

Plastic containers for aqueous solutions for intravenous infusion. 

Additives in PVC for infusion bags are stabilisers and plasticisers. By adding a plasticiser a flexible, soft plastic is formed. The amount of plasticiser in PVC can rise to 60 % of the total weight. Plasticisers that are often used are di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and dioctylphthalate (DOP). DEHP is the only softener that the Ph. Eur. allows to be used in PVC as material in containers for blood, blood products and aqueous solutions that are used for intravenous infusion. In this case the amount of DEHP in PVC should not be more than 40 % [7]. 

Intravenous infusion solutions are fiUed in single-use containers. The Ph. Eur. requires that products for parenteral administration are dispensed in glass containers or in other containers such as plastic containers and prefilled syringes [32]. The material should be sufficiently transparent to make a visual assessment of the contents possible, except for implants and in other justified and authorised cases. The tightness of the... 

Plastic bags can be used to package medicines. They are primary containers for sterile irrigations, intravenous infusion solutions, blood transfusion and enemas. For these uses special attachments are necessary such as luer-lock catheter coimector sites or rubber puncture sites. 

DEHP is currently the plasticizer recommended in the European Pharmacopoeia for medical devices, and PVC containers are the only type listed for use for blood, blood components, and for aqueous solutions for intravenous infusion. Other materials can only be used subject to approval in each case by the national authority responsible for licensing them. 

During the period under review, problems which had not been anticipated arose with respect to plastic containers and with various types of nutritional infusion existing doubts on the use of certain intravenous nutrients were shown into sharp focus by government edicts there were some rather more welcome data on the use of gelatin and on glycerol intolerance, and some slight but useful advances were made in techniques to diminish the risks of catheterization and infusion. 

Interactions of lipophilic nutrition components with the surfaces of the containers and administration devices may occur. Nutrition components can be adsorbed or absorbed by plastic materials and components of the plastic materials can be leached. Vitamin A is absorbed by polyvinyl chloride containing infusion bags and intravenous tubing [61]. 

---