Interventions political

Current production of NR is about 5.2 X 10 tonnes. For some years it has enjoyed a premium price over SBR because of its desirable characteristics described above and, compared with other large tonnage polymers, a somewhat restricted supply. Clearly it is difficult to substantially increase the production of such a material in a short period of time and indeed the attractions of other crops such as palm oil as well as the desire to move away from a monoculture economy mitigate against this. The indications are that, unless there is undue intervention of political factors, the future of natural rubber as a major elastomer remains secure. 

Does this call for a cancellation of antiviral interventions Definitely not But it calls for a courageous long-term analysis of the COl of AIDS and of the cost-ejfectiveness of certain interventions, and it calls for the political will to reallocate public budgets towards the health care sector, as the highest socio-economic costs are most likely still to come. 

Finally, intervention may be justified by the non-acceptance of some of the premises of conventional analysis for example, if we postulate the existence of merit goods, that is, if we reject the pertinence of the normative principle of consumer sovereignty and accept the imposition of preferences by a technical or political elite. 

Governments realize the importance and power of science and employ the latest scientific tools and methods to carry out their functions. Science and politics have become inseparable because of funding and regulation policies. Moreover, politicians intervene in the practice of science, sometimes diverting science and the interpretation of scientific findings away from where the evidence leads to directions deemed politically desirable. Three chapters in this volume, by William Happer, Henry I. Miller, and Joseph P. Martino describe some such political interventions. 

Happer, a physicist who was Director of Energy Research at the Department of Energy during George H. W. Bush s presidency, discusses three interventions of politics into science. He describes the starvation and deaths that followed Trofim Lysenko s substitution of patent nonsense for genetics and plant science in the Soviet Union (with the full backing of Joseph Stalin and in accord... 

It may be argued that Owen leaned toward reasserting God s continual creative power, but the transmutation post-Lamarckian movement was equally beset by ulterior motives of a political nature. On the other hand, Owen s observations (dinosaurs were discovered and named by him) were real and can still be confirmed today The fossil record must be recognized as reality and so it is in this book. For explanations, however, chemistry and chemical determinism will be called upon to replace Darwin s emulsion of luck and biology and Owens divine intervention. 

Therefore, stakeholders are the key stone of current paradigm of political decision. They act as clients of this decision process, consequently the problem awareness is of critical importance for the creation of momentum for public intervention. This supports the view, for which many authors stand, that ignorance is the main threat to sustainability. 

Justification of practices and interventions involves many factors, including social and political aspects, as well as radiological considerations. Some practical guidance on justification for practices and interventions is provided by the BSS, and some examples are provided here an intervention is justified if it is expected to achieve more good than harm, having regard to health, social and economic factors. Protective actions are nearly always justified if, in the absence of intervention, doses are expected to approach certain specified values related to deterministic effects. 

Libertarian philosophical thought places major emphasis on personal achievement and freedom from political intervention. It holds that individuals should be free to exert their rational capacity to evaluate and determine what is good for them. They can then further act on these determinations for themselves from their own personal, fiscal, physical, and human resources. To this view, Dougherty adds ... 

James Ferguson, The Anti-Politics Machine Development," Depoliticization, and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1990). Ferguson shows brilliantly how the institutional power of international and national development agencies depends vitally on their representing their activities as neutral interventions by scientific specialists. 

Hence also, in Ihe conclusions which the Physiocrats themselves draw, the ostensible veneration of landed property becomes transformed into the economic negation of it and the affirmation of capitalist production. On the one hand, all taxes are put on rent, or in other words, landed property is in part confiscated, which is what the legislation of the French Revolution sought to carry through and which is the final conclusion of the fully developed Ricardian modern political economy. By placing the burden of tax entirely on rent, because it alone is surpluS Value - and consequently any taxation of other forms of income ulti mately falls on landed property, but in a roundabout way and therefore in an economically harmful way, that hinders production taxation and along with it all forms of State intervention, are removed from industry itself, and the latter is thus freed from alt intervention by the Slate. This is ostensibly done for the benefit of landed property, not in the interests of industry, but in the interests of landed property. ... 

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