Merit goods

Finally, intervention may be justified by the non-acceptance of some of the premises of conventional analysis for example, if we postulate the existence of merit goods, that is, if we reject the pertinence of the normative principle of consumer sovereignty and accept the imposition of preferences by a technical or political elite. 

Subsidies can be used to encourage a minimum level of consumption of certain goods. Such goods are sometimes referred to as merit goods and are given extra weight in economic calculations. 

Merit good. A commodity that society or policy makers think individuals should have on the basis of a norm other than respecting consumer preferences education is a broad example of such a good, milk a narrower one. 

Speedup. The good performance merits discussioa. The ideal parallel computer has as many as an infinite number of processors, as much as... 

No single value for a profitability estimate should be accepted without further consideration. An inteUigent consideration of the cumula-tive-cash-flow and cumulative-discounted-cash-flow curves such as those shown in Fig. 9-10, together with experience and good judgment, is the best way of assessing the financial merit of aprojec t. 

The dry gas seal has numerous advantages, but, as with most things in life, it also comes with some disadvantages. It is fair to state that for most of the applications, the good outweighs the bad and as such these se.ii, are used extensively in the industry. However, each application should he evaluated on its own merits. 

While detailed discussion of the merits of PEN fibres is largely outside the scope of this book mention may be made of the success in preliminary trials of (yacht) sailcloths made from PEN fibre. PEN fibres have a modulus roughly 2.5 X that of PET, exhibit excellent flex life and also show very good UV resistance. It is understood that the one yacht fitted with PEN sailcloth in the 1996 Olympics won the gold medal in its event. 

This useful technique merits wide application. The ion-exchange membrane is a good carrier of traces from the point of view of x-ray emission spectrography. 

The merit of a good liquor is that it stand alone, which many flavored spirits don t feel required to do, she said. If I can t enjoy it, sipping it on ice, I don t want to use it. ... 

In spite of all their merits, ester sulfonates have not been used to a great extent as yet [12]. The reason is that a practicable process for producing a-sulfo fatty acid esters with good qualities is difficult because of the formation of byproducts with worse properties (e.g., the disalts of the a-sulfo fatty acids). 

Many other techniques of measuring viscoelastic parameters, such as transient shear, creep and sinusoidally-varying shear, are available. A good description, together with the merits and demerits of each of these techniques, is available in Whorlow(19. ... 

The most common way to obtain a basis is via energy optimization. However, it is well known that bases optimized for a particular property such as energy are not always good for calculation of other, perhaps only tangentially related, properties. It is thus useful to have another figure of merit for a basis in connection with a particular application. We outline here a method that may be useful in the context of the calculation of GOS s. 

The weighting model with which the goodness-of-fit or figure-of-merit (GOF = E(m,)) is arrived at can take any of a number of forms. These continuous functions can be further modified to restrict the individual contributions M, to a certain range, for instance r, is minimally equal to the expected experimental error, and all residuals larger than a given number r ax are set equal to rmax- The transformed residuals are then weighted and summed over all points to obtain the GOF. (See Table 3.5.)... 

At this point we return to the polymer which is simplest with respect to its chemical structure, namely polyethylene (PE). In addition, for this polymer, the experimental database is much more complete, and also simulations of chemically realistic models, such as those described by Eqs. (5.7)—(5.11), are possible at high temperatures (Fig. 5.2a). Thus the prospects are very good that more can be learnt about the merits, as well as the limitations, of this modeling approach. 

The goodness-of-fit between the experimental and theoretically calculated CBED rocking curves is described by a merit function, and in the present study we use the chi-square merit function defined as... 

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