Interrenal tissue

Benguira, S. and A. Hontela. Adrenocorticotrophin- and cyclic adenosine 3 -5 -monophosphate-stimulated cortisol secretion in interrenal tissue of rainbow trout exposed in vitro to DDT compounds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19 842-847, 2000. 

Girard, C., J.C. Brodeur and A. Hontela. Responsiveness of the interrenal tissue of yellow perch (Perea flavescens) from contaminated sites to an ACTH challenge test in vivo. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 55 438-450, 1998. 

Ilan, Z. and Z. Yaron. Suppression by organochlorines of the response to adrenocorticotropin of the interrenal tissue in Sarotherodon Aureus (Teleostei). J. Endocrinol. 87 185-193, 1980. 

Jiang, J., G. Young, T. Kobayashi and Y. Nagahama. Eel (Anguilla japonica) testis 1 lB-hydroxylase gene is expressed in interrenal tissue and its product lacks aldosterone synthesizing activity. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 146 207-211, 1998. 

In bony fishes, corticosteroids are secreted from the interrenal tissues (analogous to the adrenal cortex) located in the head kidney region121 182. Cortisol is the major steroid released from these cells in response to neuroendocrine stimulation emanating from the hypothalamus and the pituitary (see Chapter 12). The release of cortisol in response to stress has been characterized in several species and also in response to different stressors and this topic has been extensively reviewed1011 70 182. Cortisol... 

Sangalang, G.B. and J.F. Uthe. Corticosteroid activity, in vitro, in interrenal tissue of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr. 1. Synthetic profiles. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 95 273-285, 1994. 

Immunohistochemical studies on tissue distribution of P-gp Immunohistochemical studies on tissue-specific distribution of P-gp in fish revealed a pattern similar to that described in mammals, i.e. immunoreactive P-gp occurs in epithelial tissues involved in secretion, absorption or serving a barrier function. Further, P-gp-like proteins were observed at the bile canaliculi of the liver, in the proximal tubules of the excretory kidney, at the endothelia of brain capillaries, in the intestinal tract, exocrine pancreas, operculi, gills, pseudobranch, gas gland, interrenal tissue and skeletal muscle (Table 5). This tissue distribution is in agreement with the assumed role of P-gp in protection against xenobiotics. 

The first glimpse into species differences regarding the biosynthesis of pregnane derivatives was afforded by Bush (1953), who demonstrated that various species differed in their adrenal secretion of cortisol and corticosterone. Interesting species differences have been observed by Idler and co-workers in fish. Thus, the Elasmo-branchii alone were found to possess la-hydroxycorticosterone in their blood stream and the responsible corticosterone la-hydroxylase in their interrenal tissue (Idler et al., 1969). la-Hydroxycorticosterone had approximately 80% of the sodium transport activity across the isolated toad bladder exhibited by d-aldosterone (Grimm et al., 1969). 

References include investigations of adrenal medulla and cortex, as well adrenal (interrenal, suprarenal) tissue of non-mammalian vertebrates. Studies using cells of the adrenal medulla are indicated by an asterisk. 

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