Adrenals secretion

ANP works to oppose the function of the RAA axis via inhibiting the secretion and effects of renin, the effects of angiotensin II, and the adrenal secretion of al-... 

Studies involving the use of the isolated limb (E3) have shown how minor stimuli can activate the hypophyseal system by way of peripheral nerves. Section of peripheral nerves or their tracts in the spinal cord reduces greatly adrenal secretion in response to injurious stimuli in isolated limbs. The model used in these studies was the dog with an indwelling adrenal vein catheter in which it was possible to obtain relatively basal conditions against which to measure the effect of various stimuli. 

H12. Hume, D. M., Bell, C. C., and Bartter, F. M., Direct measurement of adrenal secretion during operative trauma and convalescence. Surgery 52, 174-186 (1962). 

Hydrocortisone is also u.scd during postoperative recovery alter surgery For Cushing s syndrome—exce.ssive adrenal. secretion oF glucocorticoids. Cushing s syndrome can be caused by bilateral adrenal hyperplasia or adrenal tumors and is treated by surgical removal oF the tumors or re.section oF hyperpla.stic adrenal gland(s). 

Comparative trials of the steroid precursor adrenocorticoid hormone (ACTH) and high-dose intravenous steroids suggest that steroids produce a quicker and more predictable improvement in acute exacerbations. Although the reasons for this are not entirely clear, differences between agents may be due to the variable adrenal secretion... 

The first glimpse into species differences regarding the biosynthesis of pregnane derivatives was afforded by Bush (1953), who demonstrated that various species differed in their adrenal secretion of cortisol and corticosterone. Interesting species differences have been observed by Idler and co-workers in fish. Thus, the Elasmo-branchii alone were found to possess la-hydroxycorticosterone in their blood stream and the responsible corticosterone la-hydroxylase in their interrenal tissue (Idler et al., 1969). la-Hydroxycorticosterone had approximately 80% of the sodium transport activity across the isolated toad bladder exhibited by d-aldosterone (Grimm et al., 1969). 

That the nature of the adrenal secretion may be considerably altered in a single species by ACTH administration has been observed in the rabbit by Kass et al. (1954). These workers observed that prolonged administration of the tropic hormone increased the amount of cortisol and decreased the amount of corticosterone secreted. This observation was essentially confirmed by Krum and Glenn (1965), and the mechanism was further studied by Fevold (1967, 1969). 

Sodium depletion, by reducing plasma volume and renal perfusion, stimulates the production of renin (from the kidneys), which generates angiotensin in circulation. This hormone is a vasoconstrictor (so protects blood pressure), stimulates thirst (so helps to restore ECF volume), and, above all, stimulates sodium retention both directly (renally) and indirectly (by stimulating adrenal secretion of aldosterone) it thus reduces the sodium concentration of urine, feces, saliva, and sweat, but not milk. 

The adrenal medulla contains chromaffin granules which contain epinephrine. Epinephrine is released from the chromaffin granules by the process of exocytosis. Adrenal secretion of catecholamines is... 

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