Interpenetrating polymer network development

Internal olefins, ethylene co-polymerization, 4, 1047 Interpenetrating polymer networks, development, 3, 670... 

Development of Multiphase Morphology Sequential Interpenetrating Polymer Networks... 

Since the start of modern interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) research in the late sixties, the features of their two-phased morphologies, such as the size, shape, and dual phase continuity have been a central subject. Research in the 1970 s focused on the effect of chemical and physical properties on the morphology, as well as the development of new synthetic techniques. More recently, studies on the detailed processes of domain formation with the aid of new neutron scattering techniques and phase diagram concepts has attracted much attention. The best evidence points to the development first of domains via a nucleation and growth mechanism, followed by a modified spinodal decomposition mechanism. This paper will review recent morphological studies on IPN s and related materials. 

Sperling, L. H., Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Related Materials, Plenum Press, New York, 1981. Sperling, L. H., Recent Developments in Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Related Materials, Chap. 2 in Multicomponent Polymer Materials, D. R. Paul and L. H. Sperling, eds., Am. Chem. Soc. Adv. Ser., Vol. 211, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1986. 

An interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) consisting of an epoxy and an elastomer has been developed by Isayama.29 This is a two-component adhesive-sealant where the components are simultaneously polymerized. It consists of the MS polymer, developed in Japan by Kanegafuchi and commonly used in sealant formulations, with the homopolymerization of DGEBA using a phenol catalyst and a small amount of silane as a graft site to connect the MS polymer and epoxy homopolymer networks. 

In order achieve the demands of expanded applications, new additives for surface modifications were developed. These additives are often fluoro compounds [13], sometimes fluoroalkylsilanes [14], and in many cases alkylsilanes. When these additives are incorporated into a polymer matrix, the extremely valuable properties of these chemicals like chemical inertness, thermo-oxidative stability, and resistance against water can be transferred to the whole polymer system. This incorporation can either be achieved by chemical bonding to the resin matrix or by formation of an interpenetrating polymer network. 

In interpenetrating polymer networks, chemical crosslinking and phase separation and their timing affect properties. Fumed silica, alumina, and carbon fiber were used in a network developed Ifom polyurethane and polycslcracrylalc. The presence of fillers affected many properties. Conversion rates were higher in the presence of fillers. Also, microphase separation was affected. As a result of these two changes the filled material was unrecognizable from the unfilled material. 

Y. Chang, S. Chen, Q. Yu, Z. Zhang, M. Bernards, S. Jiang, Development of biocompatible interpenetrating polymer networks containing a sulfobetaine-based polymer and a segmented polymethane for protein resistance. Biomacromolecules 8 (2007) 122-127. 

There are several excellent reviews on the SMP [15-20]. The present review focuses on the SMP synthesized from polymer blending technique. Polymer blending is an effective and economical way to develop the new polymeric materials with desirable properties. Numerous polymer blends exhibiting shape memory effects have been reported, which can be classified into miscible blend, immiscible blend, interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), and cross-linked blends. 

Since the general class of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN s) have been developed largely since the publication of the work by Battaerd... 

The second part, Chapters 2-9, is concerned with polymer blends, including mechanical blends, graft copolymers, block copolymers, ionomers, and interpenetrating polymer networks. The development of most chapters proceeds from synthesis to morphology, and then shows how morphology affects or controls the physical and mechanical behavior of the finished material. The most exciting development of the past decade, the electron microscope studies of the details of phase separation, is emphasized. 

L. Zhao, Z.-L. Zhou, Z. Guo, G. Gibson, J. A. Brug, S. Lam, J. Pei, S. S. Mao, Development of Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Quantum Dots-Polymer Ncuiocomposites for Low-Cost, Flexible OLED Display Application. J. Mater. Res. 2012,27,639-652. 

Sperling, L.H. (1985) Recent developments in interpenetrating polymer networks and related material in Multicomponent Polymeric Materials, Advances in Chemistry Series, 211, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., pp. 21-56 153-170. 

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