International Lead and Zinc Study

According to the International Lead and Zinc Study Group (ILZSG) statistics, world refinery production was 5.9 million tons in 1990109. Annual productions of the main countries in 1987 and 1990 are shown in Table 15. 

ILZSG (1995) Lead and zinc statistics. Monthly bulletin of the International Lead and Zinc Study Group. La Tribune du Cebedeau 35 37, 39-41, 54, 67. 

ILZSG International Lead and Zinc Study Group... 

ILZSG (International Lead and Zinc Study Group) (1984), World Directory, Lead and Zinc Mines and Primary Metallurgical Works, London, pp 24-28, 67. 

Lead industry statistics are inevitably variable in quality and coverage, but data collection and dissemination are helped enormously by the activities of the International Lead and Zinc Study Group GLZSG). The ILZSG publishes... 

Spark source (SSMS) and thermal emission (TEMS) mass spectrometry are used to determine ppb to ppm quantities of elements in energy sources such as coal, fuel oil, and gasoline. Toxic metals—cadmium, mercury, lead, and zinc— may be determined by SSMS with an estimated precision of 5%, and metals which ionize thermally may be determined by TEMS with an estimated precision of 1% using the isotope dilution technique. An environmental study of the trace element balance from a coal-fired steam plant was done by SSMS using isotope dilution to determine the toxic metals and a general scan technique for 15 other elements using chemically determined iron as an internal standard. In addition, isotope dilution procedures for the analysis of lead in gasoline and uranium in coal and fly ash by TEMS are presented. 

ILZG, Economics of Lead and Zinc , International Lead Zinc Study Group - Statistics. httD //www.ilzsg.org/statisticsasp pg=eco. 2000. 

Eead and Zinc Statistics, monthly bulletin of the International Lead Ziuc Study Group, April 1997. 

S. R. Yeomans, M. P. Novak, "Further studies of the comparative properties and behaviour of galvanized and epoxy coated steel reinforcement , International Lead Zinc Research Organization (ILZRO) project ZE-341, Progress report... 

Figure 2 - World Refined Metal Consumption (1960-1999) Source International Lead Zinc Study Group (ILZSG) and IZA...

Boehnke R, The International Lead Zinc Study Group and the metals market . Natural Resources Forum, November 1S>90. 

Vandecasteele et al. [745] studied signal suppression in ICP-MS of beryllium, aluminium, zinc, rubidium, indium, and lead in multielement solutions, and in the presence of increasing amounts of sodium chloride (up to 9 g/1). The suppression effects were the same for all of the analyte elements under consideration, and it was therefore possible to use one particular element, 115indium, as an internal standard to correct for the suppressive matrix effect, which significantly improved experimental precision. To study the causes of matrix effect, 0.154 M solutions of ammonium chloride, sodium chloride, and caesium chloride were compared. Ammonium chloride exhibited the least suppressive effect, and caesium chloride the most. The results had implications for trace element determinations in seawater (35 g sodium chloride per litre). 

In search for potent and systemically available inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-8 (Matter et al. 1999 Matter et al. 2002) following oral administration, a local ADME model was derived to support lead optimization. For an internal series of inhibitors on the tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffold, hydroxamic acids for zinc ion binding in 3-position are essential for MMP affinity in first generation inhibitors. However, those compounds are characterized by insufficient pharmacokinetic properties and low systemic exposure following oral administration. Driven by X-ray and 3D-QSAR studies (CoMFA), alternative Zn2+ binding groups like carboxylates were... 

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