International Agreements November

In Von Schnitzler s own words, seldom had a "great international agreement been concluded so quickly." At a conference in November 1938, in Berlin, to which the Prager Verein managers were "invited," Schmitz and Ilgner had come to form an impressive audience to Von Schnitzler s demands. 

This chapter focuses on the 12 most toxic POPs subject to control of the Stockholm Convention. It is recognized that there are other POPs which have been demonstrated to elicit adverse effects of toxicological significance on human health and the environment, for which international agreement has yet to be reached on their inclusion in the Convention list. Indeed, five new POPs candidates (hexabromobiphenyl (6-PBB), pent-abromodiphenyl ether (PBDE), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), chlordecone and lindane) were proposed and considered at the First Meeting of the POPs Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention in November 2005 (UNEP, 2005). The challenge is for the local scientific... 

The other international agreement, a legally binding protocol to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, was signed in November 1988 freezing NOx emissions at 1987 levels (or levels of any earlier year) by 1994. 

Worldwide efforts to reduce carbon emissions officially began in 2005 with the Kyoto Protocol. The Protocol is a United Nations agreement to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The role of the United Nations is partially to formulate international laws and security measures. As of November 2007,174 nations had signed the Kyoto Protocol, thereby committing themselves to reducing carbon emissions on the schedule detailed in the Protocol. 

Reinhardt, Erika. Access to Medicines. UN Chronicle 43, no. 3 (Septem-ber/November 2006) 56-57. The UN offers a way to increase access to desperately needed medications among poor people throughout the world. Countries can take advantage of flexibility built into international patent and trade agreements to buy high-priority medicines for HIV/ AIDS. However, the article criticizes national trademark laws than hinder these types of public health efforts in developing nations. 

Shah Deniz is an offshore non-associated gas/condensate field, which is being developed primarily to supply natural gas to export markets in Turkey - and associated liquids to international markets via the crude oil pipeline systems. Production will be brought ashore at Sangachal, where a major gas terminal is to be constructed. In November 2002, the agreement was reached with BOTAS, the Turkish state-owned gas company, for the sale of Shah Deniz gas to Turkey with deliveries commencing in August 2006. 

International Joint Commission (1987) Revised Great Lakes water quality agreement of 1978—agreement with annexes and terms of reference, between the United States and Canada signed at Ottawa October 16, 1983 as amended by protocol signed November 18, 1987. International Joint Commission Canada and United States, Windsor... 

Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham, joined by ministers representing 14 nations and the European Commission, signed an agreement on November 20, 2003, to formally establish the International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy. 

McKibbin, W.J., Morris, A., Wilcoxen, P.J., 2008, Expecting the Unexpected Macroeconomic Volatility and Climate Policy, Discussion Paper 08-16, Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, November. 

M. Weller, The Rambouillet Conference , 75 International Affairs (1999) 211. Preamble to the Interim Agreement for Peace and Self-government in Kosovo, 23 March 1999. Full text available at http //www.state.gov/www/regions/eur/ ksvo rambouillet text.html, accessed 3 November 2008. 

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