Internal fuel preparation

Investigation of Design and Manufacturing Methods for Low-Cost Fabrication of High Efficiency, High Power Density PEM Fuel Cell Power Plant," prepared by International Fuel Cells, Final Report FCR-11320A, June 10, 1991. 

J.A.S. Bett, H.R. Kunz, S.W. Smith and L.L. Van Dine, "Investigation of Alloy Catalysts and Redox Catalysts for Phosphoric Acid Electrochemical Systems," FCR-7157F, prepared by International Fuel Cells for Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. 9-X13-D6271-1, 1985. 

T.P. Magee, H R. Kunz, M. Krasij, H.A. Cole, "The Effects of Halides on the Performance of Coal Gas-Fueled Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell," Semi-Annual Report, October 1986 -March 1987, prepared by International Fuel Cells for the U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown, WV, under Contract No. DE-AC21-86MC23136, May 1987. 

Winkler, W., Lay out principles of the integration of fuel preparation in fuel cell systems, in Proceedings 2ndlFCC (International Fuel Cell Conference), NEDO, Kobe, Japan, 1996, pp. 397 100. 

Montross, M., O Daniel, B., Patil, D., Swoder, N., and Taulbee, D. 2010. Combustion of briquettes and fuel pellets prepared horn blends of biomass and fine coal. Proceedings of International Coal Preparation 2010 Conference, R.Q. Honaker (Ed.). Society for Mining, Metallnrgy, and Exploration (SME), Englewood, CO, pp. 161-170. 

Fuels and Lubricants. Rare-earth neodecanoates have been claimed as additives for diesel fuels that reduce the precipitation of particles and gum (108). Neodecanoic acid has also been used in the preparation of ashless detergent additives for fuels and lubricants that reduce engine deposits in internal combustion engines (109). 

Fuel Cell Handbook 6th edition, Report prepared by EG G Services, Parsons, Inc. and Science Applications International Corporation under contract no. DE-AM26-99FT40575 for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, WV, October 2002. 

FIGURE 2.2 (a) Particle size distribution for three different NiO powders used in the Ni-YSZ cermets the circle is for a commercial NiO powder with 0 h milling, the diamond is for the commercial NiO milled for 138 h, and the square is for the NiO powder prepared by the GNP process, and (b) resistivity versus Ni volume percent for the Ni-YSZ cermets made with the three different NiO powders at 1,000°C in reducing atmosphere. The YSZ powder has grain size of 0.1 to 0.2 pm, and the cermets were all sintered at 1,400°C for 2 h. (From Huebner, W. et al., Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, 95(l) 696-705, 1995. Reproduced by permission of ECS-The Electrochemical Society.)... 

FIGURE 2.22 (a) Impedance spectra for symmetrical cells prepared without (square) and with (circle) 40 vol% corn starch as pore former in 3% H20/H2 at 850°C. (From Primdahl, S. et al., Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, 99(19) 793-802, 1999. Reproduced by permission of ECS-The Electrochemical Society.) (b) Influence of anode support porosity on the performance of cells at 800°C. (From Zhao, F. and Virkar, A.V., J. Power Sources, 141 79-95, 2005. Copyright by Elsevier, reproduced with permission.)... 

Pratihar SK, Baus RN, Mazumder S, and Maiti HS. Electrical conductivity and microstructure of Ni-YSZ anode prepared by liquid dispersion method. In Singhal SC, Dokiya M, editors. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel cells (SOFC-VI), Pennington, NJ The Electrochemical Society, 1999 99(19) 513-521. 

M. Farooque, ERC, "Development on Internal Reforming Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology, Final Report," prepared for U.S. DOE/METC, DOE/MC/23274-2941, October, 1990, Pgs. 4-19-4-29. 

B. Baker, S. Gionfriddo, A. Leonida, H. Maru, P. Patel, "Internal Reforming Natural Gas Fueled Carbonate Fuel Cell Stack," Final Report prepared by Energy Research Corporation for the Gas Research Institute, Chicago, IL, under Contract No. 5081-244-0545, March, 1984. M. Farooque, Data from ERC testing, 1992. 

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